Nokea
Parents have a concern that their child is depressed. The nurse relates that which characteristic best describes children with depression?
- A. Increased range of affective response
- B. Preoccupation with need to perform well in school
- C. Change in appetite, resulting in weight loss or gain
- D. Tendency to prefer play instead of schoolwork
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Change in appetite, resulting in weight loss or gain, is a common characteristic seen in children with depression. Some children may experience a significant decrease in appetite, leading to weight loss, while others may have an increased appetite, resulting in weight gain. This change in eating habits is often a noticeable sign that may indicate the presence of depression in children. It is important for parents and caregivers to be aware of any significant changes in a child's eating patterns and behavior, as it could be a potential indicator of underlying mental health issues such as depression.
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The nurse knows that Parkinson's disease a progressive neurologic disorder is characterized by:
- A. Bradykinesia
- B. Tremor
- C. Muscle rigidity
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurologic disorder that is characterized by a triad of symptoms known as the classic Parkinsonian triad. These symptoms include bradykinesia (slowness of movement), tremor (involuntary shaking), and muscle rigidity (stiffness of the muscles). Therefore, all of the given choices are correct in describing the characteristics of Parkinson's disease.
Nurse Amy teaches a group of nursing students about the factors that cuses biliary cirrhosis. Which factor is associated with the condition?
- A. acute viral hepatitis
- B. alcohol hepatotoxicity
- C. chronic biliary inflammation or obstruction
- D. hepatic failure with prolonged venous hepatic congestion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Primary biliary cirrhosis, now known as primary biliary cholangitis, is a chronic autoimmune liver disease that affects the bile ducts within the liver. The main characteristic of this condition is progressive destruction of the small bile ducts, leading to chronic biliary inflammation or obstruction. This results in the buildup of bile in the liver, causing damage and scarring (cirrhosis) over time. Factors such as acute viral hepatitis (choice A), alcohol hepatotoxicity (choice B), and hepatic failure with prolonged venous hepatic congestion (choice D) are associated with other liver conditions, but they are not specifically linked to primary biliary cholangitis.
Children with secondary nocturnal enuresis may have
- A. UTI
- B. diabetes mellitus
- C. diabetes insipidus
- D. psychosocial stressor
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Psychosocial stressors can trigger secondary nocturnal enuresis after a period of dryness.
The nurse is admitting a newborn with hypospadias to the nursery. The nurse expects which finding in this newborn?
- A. Absence of a urethral opening is noted.
- B. Penis appears shorter than usual for age.
- C. The urethral opening is along the dorsal surface of the penis.
- D. The urethral opening is along the ventral surface of the penis.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the opening of the urethra is located on the ventral surface of the penis instead of the tip. This results in the ventral placement of the urethral meatus compared to the normal dorsal position. It can typically be visually identified when examining the newborn's genitalia. A key characteristic of hypospadias is the abnormal positioning of the urethral opening, which distinguishes it from other conditions affecting the male genitalia.
A 10-mo-old boy has a left suprarenal mass. Surgery is accomplished with complete removal of the mass as well as the non-adherent lymph nodes; surgical biopsies are taken during surgery. The histology reveals poorly differentiated neuroblastoma with microscopic ipsilateral lymph nodes involvement. The contralateral lymph nodes are negative. Of the following, the BEST therapeutic approach for this infant is
- A. chemotherapy
- B. radiotherapy
- C. concomitant chemo-radiotherapy
- D. chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Complete resection with microscopic residual disease typically warrants adjuvant chemotherapy.