Nokea
Parents with ill child came to the infectionist. They worked in one of the Asian countries for a long time. Child has eathy colored skin, loss of appetite, laxity, enlarged liver, spleen, peripheral glands. What protozoan illness can this child have?
- A. Amebiasis
- B. Balantidiasis
- C. Visceral leishmaniasis
- D. Lambliasis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Visceral leishmaniasis. This disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania, which is transmitted by sandfly bites. The symptoms described in the question, such as enlarged liver and spleen, peripheral gland enlargement, and eathy colored skin, are characteristic of visceral leishmaniasis. Amebiasis (choice A) typically presents with gastrointestinal symptoms, Balantidiasis (choice B) is caused by a different parasite and presents with dysentery, and Lambliasis (choice D) is caused by Giardia lamblia and presents with diarrhea.
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Which of the following diseases can be transmitted by a tick?
- A. Botulism
- B. Anthrax
- C. Tularemia
- D. MRSA
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tularemia. Ticks can transmit tularemia, a bacterial infection caused by Francisella tularensis. Ticks pick up the bacteria when feeding on infected animals and can then transmit it to humans through their bites. Botulism (A) is caused by toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria, not transmitted by ticks. Anthrax (B) is a bacterial infection caused by Bacillus anthracis, typically transmitted through contact with contaminated animal products. MRSA (D) is a bacterial infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus, commonly transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces, not by ticks.
A patient with pulmonary tuberculosis is prescribed the most effective antituberculosis antibiotic. Name this drug:
- A. Tetracycline
- B. Furasolidone
- C. Rifampicin
- D. Bactrim (Co-trimoxazole)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rifampicin is the correct answer because it is a first-line antibiotic for treating pulmonary tuberculosis. It has excellent bactericidal activity and penetrates well into lung tissues where the infection is located. Rifampicin is also known for preventing the development of resistance. Tetracycline (A) and Furasolidone (B) are not commonly used for tuberculosis treatment. Bactrim (D) is a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, not effective for tuberculosis treatment.
A patient has wound abscess. Bacteriological examination of the wound content revealed a gram- negative bacillus which forms semi-transparent mucous colonies of blue-green color with a pearlescent appearance on the beef-extract agar. Culture has a specific odor of violets or jasmine. What type of pathogen was isolated from the patient's wound?
- A. P. aeruginosa
- B. P. vulgaris
- C. S. aureus
- D. S. pyogenes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Gram-negative bacillus indicates P. aeruginosa, known for causing wound infections.
Step 2: Semi-transparent mucous colonies of blue-green color with a pearlescent appearance are characteristic of P. aeruginosa.
Step 3: Specific odor of violets or jasmine is a unique feature of P. aeruginosa.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: P. aeruginosa.
Summary:
- B: P. vulgaris typically forms yellow colonies and doesn't have the characteristic odor.
- C: S. aureus forms creamy white colonies, not blue-green, and has a distinct odor.
- D: S. pyogenes forms grayish-white colonies and doesn't have the unique characteristics described.
Specimen of a patient's sputum was stained with the following dyes and reagents: Ziehl's solution, methylene blue solution, 5% solutoin of sulfuric acid. What staining method was applied?
- A. Ziehl-Neelsen
- B. Burri's
- C. Gram's
- D. Peshkov's
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ziehl-Neelsen staining method was applied.
1. Ziehl's solution is used as a primary stain in Ziehl-Neelsen staining for acid-fast organisms like Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
2. Sulfuric acid is used as a decolorizer to remove excess stain.
3. Methylene blue is not part of the Ziehl-Neelsen staining method.
4. Burri's, Gram's, and Peshkov's staining methods are not used for acid-fast staining.
Which of the following eyewash/safety showers should be used for immediate flushing only, until the victim reaches another safety unit?
- A. Emergency shower
- B. Personal eyewash
- C. Handheld drench hose
- D. Combination unit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Personal eyewash. Personal eyewash is designed for immediate flushing until the victim reaches a more suitable safety unit. It provides a controlled flow of water to safely flush eyes while transporting the victim. The emergency shower (A) is meant for full-body coverage, not just for the eyes. Handheld drench hose (C) may not provide adequate flushing pressure. Combination unit (D) may not be easily portable for immediate use.