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Parkinson's disease results from the death of neurons that produce
- A. serotonin
- B. acetylcholine
- C. dopamine
- D. norepinephrine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parkinson's involves dopamine neuron loss, leading to motor and cognitive symptoms.
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When a victim of sexual assault is discharged from the emergency department, the nurse should:
- A. Notify the patient's family of the event to ensure support for the patient.
- B. Offer to stay with the patient until stability is regained.
- C. Advise the patient to try not to think about the assault.
- D. Provide referral information verbally and in writing.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because providing referral information verbally and in writing ensures that the victim has access to appropriate resources for follow-up care and support. This step is crucial in helping the victim navigate the emotional and physical aftermath of the assault.
A: Notifying the patient's family without the patient's consent could violate the patient's privacy and autonomy.
B: While offering to stay with the patient shows support, it may not always be feasible and may not address the victim's long-term needs.
C: Advising the patient to try not to think about the assault is dismissive of their trauma and does not provide constructive support.
A victim of partner abuse, parent of one child, describes the partner as someone who is easily frustrated and more likely to be abusive after experiencing an event in which self-esteem is challenged. The most recent episodes of violence were related to feeling "upset"Â over a job loss. What type of therapy would provide the greatest help to the abuser?
- A. Voluntary individual or group therapy
- B. Court-ordered individual or group therapy
- C. Voluntary couples or family therapy
- D. Court-ordered couples or family therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Voluntary individual or group therapy. This type of therapy would provide the greatest help to the abuser because it focuses on addressing the underlying issues of frustration, self-esteem challenges, and abusive behavior. The key here is that the therapy is voluntary, which means the abuser is more likely to engage and actively participate in the process. In individual or group therapy, the abuser can explore and work on managing emotions, coping strategies, and developing healthier communication skills. Court-ordered therapy (choices B and D) may not be as effective because it could be seen as a punishment rather than a genuine effort to seek help. Couples or family therapy (choice C) may not be appropriate initially as the focus should be on the abuser's personal growth and behavior change.
The mother of a teen with an eating disorder tells the nurse, "Our family is pretty well adjusted. It's hard for me to imagine what we could have done to have this happen."Â The nurse can promote more complete understanding of the etiology of eating disorders by mentioning that young women are also influenced by:
- A. the abundance of nutritious foods available.
- B. the fashion industry's idealization of thinness.
- C. competition in the work place.
- D. the biologic tendency to be underweight.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: the fashion industry's idealization of thinness. This is because the fashion industry often promotes thinness as the ideal body type, leading to societal pressure on young women to conform to this standard. This can contribute to the development of eating disorders as individuals may engage in unhealthy behaviors to achieve or maintain a thin body shape.
A: the abundance of nutritious foods available - While access to nutritious foods is important for overall health, it does not directly influence the development of eating disorders.
C: competition in the work place - While workplace competition may contribute to stress, it is not a primary factor in the development of eating disorders.
D: the biologic tendency to be underweight - While genetic factors can play a role in susceptibility to eating disorders, it is not the primary influence in the development of these disorders in young women.
A female client with a psychotic disorder is experiencing olfactory hallucinations. Most likely, she would be complaining of:
- A. A vision that is disturbing to her
- B. A sound that is disturbing to her
- C. A smell that is disturbing to her
- D. A sense of touch that is disturbing to her
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because olfactory hallucinations involve perceiving smells that are not actually present. In a psychotic disorder, such hallucinations are common and can be disturbing to the individual. This is due to the sensory perception of smells that others cannot detect. Choices A, B, and D do not align with the experience of olfactory hallucinations. Vision (A) and sound (B) are not related to olfactory hallucinations, and a sense of touch (D) is not typically associated with this type of sensory distortion in psychotic disorders.
A patient reports, 'My brain is tapped. The government has implanted a device in my head.' What outcome would the nurse identify as being appropriate for the patient to achieve within 1 week of admission?
- A. Taking antipsychotic medication as prescribed without objection
- B. Giving coherent data to support beliefs that the brain is 'tapped'
- C. Interpreting reality correctly by stating no 'brain tap' has been implanted
- D. Reporting feeling less anxious about having the government listening to interior thoughts
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it reflects the goal of promoting reality testing and challenging the patient's delusional beliefs. By helping the patient interpret reality correctly and recognize that the implanted device is not real, the nurse can support the patient in overcoming their delusions and improving their mental health.
Choice A is incorrect as simply taking medication does not address the underlying delusional belief. Choice B is incorrect as it validates and reinforces the patient's delusion, which is not therapeutic. Choice D is incorrect as it does not address the core issue of the patient's delusional belief and may not lead to long-term improvement in mental health.