Nokea
Patient with diabetes has hyperlipidemia. Which drug of the following cannot be used in his case due to the risk of development of hyperglycemia?
- A. Niacin
- B. Statins
- C. Colestipol
- D. Ezetimibe
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A' is correct because niacin increases hyperglycemia risk by worsening insulin resistance, contraindicated in diabetes, per endocrinology. 'B' (statins), 'C' (colestipol), and 'D' (ezetimibe) are safer, with minimal glucose effects. Niacin's metabolic impact limits its use here.
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What does the term 'bioavailability' mean?
- A. The proportion of a drug which enters the circulation when introduced into the body.
- B. Permeability through the blood-brain barrier.
- C. Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route of administration.
- D. Amount of a substance in urine relative to the initial dose.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A' is correct because bioavailability is defined as the proportion of a drug that enters systemic circulation unchanged, available to exert its effect, per standard pharmacology. 'B' is false—bioavailability isn't about blood-brain barrier permeability, which is a separate property. 'C' is partially true but overly specific; it limits to uncharged drugs, which isn't the general definition. 'D' is incorrect—urine levels reflect excretion, not circulation entry. 'A' aligns with the broad, accepted pharmacokinetic concept used in clinical practice.
Which drug can cause a lupus-like syndrome as a side effect?
- A. Quinidine
- B. Procainamide
- C. Lidocaine
- D. Flecainide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B' is correct because procainamide frequently causes a reversible lupus-like syndrome, per rheumatology. 'A' (quinidine) causes cinchonism. 'C' (lidocaine) and 'D' (flecainide) lack this. Procainamide's immunogenicity is a chronic concern.
A common side effect of PCSK9 inhibitors (Inclisiran) is:
- A. Injection-site reactions
- B. Hyperglycemia
- C. Hypertension
- D. Hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A' is correct because PCSK9 inhibitors like inclisiran commonly cause injection-site reactions (e.g., redness), per clinical trials. 'B' (hyperglycemia), 'C' (hypertension), and 'D' (hyperkalemia) are rare. Subcutaneous delivery drives this side effect.
Records to track stock levels in a pharmacy include:
- A. Temperature log to monitor temperature.
- B. Bin card.
- C. Antibiotic register.
- D. Prescription.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B' is correct because bin cards track stock levels (quantity in/out) in pharmacies, per inventory management. 'A' monitors conditions, not stock. 'C' tracks specific drugs, not all stock. 'D' is for dispensing, not levels. 'B' fits standard pharmacy practice.
If an adverse reaction occurs during the use of a drug, that information should be reported to the FDA on the MedWatch form.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. Not applicable
- D. Not applicable
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: True' is correct because the FDA's MedWatch program collects adverse reaction reports from healthcare providers and consumers to monitor drug safety post-market. 'False' denies this standard protocol. 'Not applicable' fills C/D. Reporting via MedWatch, per FDA guidelines, ensures ongoing safety evaluation, a critical pharmacology practice.