Nokea
Patients on insulin therapy should receive essential education on the following EXCEPT:
- A. Insulin injection technique
- B. Recognition and self-management of hypoglycaemia
- C. Sick day management
- D. Stopping all oral hypoglycaemic agents
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Insulin education builds control technique, hypo spotting, sick days, and driving safety are musts, ensuring delivery, crisis handling, and road smarts. Stopping all oral agents isn't universal; many stay on metformin or SGLT-2s for synergy, not a blanket rule. Tailored plans keep or ditch orals, dodging this absolute. Clinicians teach what fits, not a one-size purge, a nuanced chronic care tweak over rigid cuts.
You may also like to solve these questions
Percutaneous cervical cordotomy:
- A. Is performed under general anaesthesia.
- B. Occurs by entry of a needle into the intervertebral foramen between cervical vertebrae C4 and C5.
- C. Involves thermoablation of the anterior spinothalamic tract.
- D. Is performed on the same side as the pain.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Percutaneous cervical cordotomy (PCC) relieves cancer pain via targeted nerve destruction. It's done under local anesthesia with sedation, not general, to monitor patient response (e.g., pain relief, side effects) during stimulation. The needle enters at C1-C2, not C4-C5, targeting the lateral spinothalamic tract contralateral to the pain not the anterior tract explicitly, though terminology varies. Thermoablation destroys pain fibers, confirmed by test stimulation. It's performed opposite the pain side due to crossed spinothalamic pathways. Complete numbness isn't typical; sensory loss is partial. Thermoablation's specificity using radiofrequency to interrupt pain transmission defines PCC's efficacy, minimizing damage to adjacent motor tracts while achieving analgesia.
What do you tell patients is the most important risk factor for lung cancer when you are teaching about lung cancer prevention?
- A. Cigarette smoking
- B. Exposure to environmental/occupational carcinogens
- C. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
- D. Pipe or cigar smoking
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cigarette smoking towers as lung cancer's top risk 80-90% of cases tie to its carcinogens like tar and nicotine, a dose-dependent killer dwarfing other factors. Environmental/occupational exposures like asbestos amplify risk, especially with smoking, but lack its prevalence. ETS hikes risk by 35%, significant yet secondary. Pipe or cigar smoking carries risk, less than cigarettes due to inhalation patterns. Teaching smoking as paramount drives home its preventable dominance, urging cessation as the gold-standard defense, a nurse's key message to slash lung cancer odds, backed by epidemiology and public health campaigns.
Which organism is least likely to show the characteristic periodicity of fever in malaria?
- A. p. malariae
- B. p. vivax
- C. p. ovale
- D. p. falciparum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Falciparum's fever messy, constant, not vivax, ovale, malariae's tidy cycles. Nurses spot this chronic chaos king.
Post exposure prophylaxis against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV):
- A. is probably not effective when commenced 36 hours post exposure
- B. is administered intramuscularly
- C. is generally well-tolerated by patients
- D. when given, precludes the need for follow up serology
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HIV PEP tolerable pills, not IM, works past 36 hours, needs serology, safe in pregnancy. Nurses dose this chronic shield easy.
The clinic nurse is caring for a patient whose grandmother and sister have both had breast cancer. She requested a screening test to determine her risk of developing breast cancer and it has come back positive. The patient asks you what she can do to help prevent breast cancer from occurring. What would be your best response?
- A. Research has shown that eating a healthy diet can provide all the protection you need against breast cancer
- B. Research has shown that taking the drug tamoxifen can reduce your chance of breast cancer
- C. Research has shown that exercising at least 30 minutes every day can reduce your chance of breast cancer
- D. Research has shown that there is little you can do to reduce your risk of breast cancer if you have a genetic predisposition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: With a positive screening test and family history, she's high-risk tamoxifen, a SERM, cuts breast cancer odds by 50% in such cases, per NCI trials. It blocks estrogen fueling tumors, a proven chemoprevention move. Diet helps (antioxidants, less fat), but it's not enough solo. Exercise (30 min/day) trims risk via weight control, but tamoxifen's got stronger data here. Saying little can be done' ignores options genetics load the gun, but lifestyle and drugs can unload it. Nurses in oncology push tamoxifen for its edge, tailoring advice to her risk profile.