Nokea
Patients who need to remain alert are taught to avoid which drug due to its antimuscarinic effects?
- A. Levothyroxine
- B. Prilosec
- C. Dulcolax
- D. Diphenhydramine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diphenhydramine's antimuscarinic effects cause sedation, impairing alertness.
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A 20-year-old boy suffered from a moderate aspirin toxicity he may be managed by promoting its renal excretion when infused with:
- A. Ascorbid acid
- B. Ammonium chloride
- C. Arginine chloride
- D. Sodium bicarbonate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sodium bicarbonate alkalinizes urine, enhancing aspirin (a weak acid) excretion.
Which of the following legislative acts allowed the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to tighten control over the quality of drugs and required that safety and efficacy standards be established?
- A. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
- B. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
- C. Durham Humphrey Amendment of 1951
- D. Kefauver-Harris Act of 1962
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Kefauver-Harris Act was the result of the use of the 1960s drug thalidomide (Thalomid). The public concern led to the legislation that gave the FDA regulatory control over testing and evaluating of drugs and allowed it to set standards for efficacy and safety. The Pure Food and Drug Act required labeling to eliminate false claims. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act gave the FDA the power to enforce standards for testing drug toxicity and monitoring labeling. The Durham-Humphrey Amendment enforced prescriptions for distribution.
A nurse is preparing to administer Filgrastim for the first time to a client who has just undergone a bone marrow transplant. Which of the following interventions is appropriate?
- A. Administer IM in a large muscle mass to prevent injury.
- B. Ensure that the treatment of the patient is a non-... (truncated)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Filgrastim is typically given subcutaneously or IV, not IM; the truncated option suggests a typo, but standard practice is assumed.
The nurse is explaining how medications work to a group of peers and explains that disruption of a single step in any enzyme system disrupts what?
- A. Cell life
- B. Cell membrane
- C. Cell receptor sites
- D. Cell function
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: If a single step in one of the many enzyme systems is blocked, normal cell function is disrupted. Cell life and cell membrane may be impacted by disruption of some enzymes but not all enzymes. Receptor sites would not be disrupted by disruption in a single step in the enzyme system.
Which drug has a high first pass effect
- A. Amiodarone
- B. Phenytoin
- C. Verapamil
- D. Disopyramide
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Verapamil undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver, reducing its bioavailability when taken orally.