Nokea
Patients who need to remain alert are taught to avoid which drug due to its antimuscarinic effects?
- A. Levothyroxine
- B. Prilosec
- C. Dulcolax
- D. Diphenhydramine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diphenhydramine's antimuscarinic effects cause sedation, impairing alertness.
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The nurse is caring for a patient who had a severe, acute, previously unseen adverse effect of a drug in Phase III testing. The patient asks, After all the testing done on this drug, didn't they know this adverse effect could occur? What is the nurse's best response? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Pharmaceutical companies sometimes underreport problems to make more money.
- B. Your response to this medication will be reported to the drug company and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
- C. After a drug reaches phase III testing it is considered an accepted drug and will not be recalled.
- D. The pharmaceutical company weighs the benefits of the drug with the severity of adverse effects.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a new and unexpected adverse effect occurs, especially one of a serious nature, it is reported to the drug company who reports it to the FDA immediately. When a large number of people begin using the drug in phase III studies, it is not unusual to identify adverse effects not previously noted. It would be both unprofessional and inaccurate to imply that pharmaceutical companies put profit ahead of patient concern because lawsuits would remove any potential profit if a drug proves harmful. The FDA is responsible for weighing risk versus benefit in deciding whether to allow the drug to move to the next phase of testing. Drugs found to have serious adverse effects can be removed from the market at any time.
The nurse is teaching a group in the community about drug abuse. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
- A. Cue-induced cravings eventually disappear after long periods of abstinence by the person addicted to drugs
- B. Drug abuse and drug addiction are synonymous terms, describing dependence on drugs
- C. Drug addiction is characterized by emotional, mental, and sometimes physical dependence
- D. Drug addiction occurs when physical dependence is present
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Addiction involves emotional/mental dependence, with physical optional; cravings persist, and abuse differs from addiction. Drug addiction occurs when emotional and mental dependence on a drug are present.
A 73-year-old male patient is being discharged home today. The discharge order reads: Take 10 mL of guaifenesin (Robitussin) with plastic measuring caps. How much should the nurse teach the client to take at home?
- A. 1/2 tsp
- B. 1 tsp
- C. 2 tsp
- D. 1 tbsp
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: 10 mL equals 2 teaspoons (1 tsp = 5 mL), the correct household measure for patient teaching.
Which of the following is a luminal amebecide drug?
- A. Metronidazole
- B. Emtine
- C. Doxycycline
- D. Dicloxinide
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diloxanide (likely misspelled as Dicloxinide) is a luminal amebicide used to eradicate cysts of Entamoeba histolytica in the intestinal lumen, unlike metronidazole, which targets systemic infection.
A nurse in an emergency unit is reviewing the medical record of a client who is being evaluated for angle-closure Glaucoma. Which of the following findings are indicative of this condition?
- A. Insidious onset of painless loss of vision
- B. Gradual reduction in peripheral vision
- C. Severe pain around eyes
- D. Intraocular pressure 12 mm Hg
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Angle-closure glaucoma presents with severe eye pain and elevated pressure, unlike the normal 12 mm Hg.