Nokea
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis who are on chronic low-dose prednisone will need co-treatment with which medications to prevent further adverse effects?
- A. A bisphosphonate
- B. Calcium supplementation
- C. Vitamin D
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All mitigate prednisone's bone loss: bisphosphonates , calcium , and vitamin D .
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The first laboratory value indication that vitamin B12 therapy is adequately treating pernicious anemia is:
- A. Hematocrit levels start to rise
- B. Hemoglobin levels return to normal
- C. Reticulocyte count begins to rise
- D. Vitamin B12 levels return to normal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reticulocyte count rise signals early bone marrow response to B12, preceding hemoglobin or hematocrit increases.
Glucocorticoids:
- A. Decrease amount of immunocompetent cells and macrophages in the blood
- B. Stimulate activity of macrophages and monocytes
- C. Increase amount of T lymphocytes
- D. Stimulate production of antibodies
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucocorticoids reduce immunocompetent cells and macrophages, contributing to their immunosuppressive effects.
Which of the following statements about Thalidomide is INCORRECT?
- A. It is anti angiogenic
- B. It is anti inflammatory
- C. It is immunomodulatory
- D. It is mitogenic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Thalidomide is not mitogenic; it inhibits cell proliferation.
Renal damage is a potential adverse effect of aminoglycosides. In what part of the kidney are aminoglycosides retained which causes this effect?
- A. Distal tubule
- B. Proximal tubule
- C. Loop of Henle
- D. Glomerulus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aminoglycosides are nephrotoxic and accumulate in the proximal tubule, leading to cellular damage and potential renal impairment.
Which statement best describes drug efficacy/toxicity in pediatric clients?
- A. Drug requirements for infants have been extensively studied.
- B. Drug dosage is altered by age and weight in children.
- C. Children always need smaller doses of medication than adults.
- D. Infants and children are always at greater risk for drug toxicity with any medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pediatric dosing adjusts for age and weight to ensure efficacy and minimize toxicity, reflecting developmental differences.