Nokea
Patients with septic shock are treated, among other drugs, with activated protein C. The purpose of this treatment is to
- A. Dampen the cytokine storm
- B. Raise the blood pressure
- C. Resolve DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
- D. Boost the immune response
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Resolve DIC. Activated protein C is used in septic shock to address the coagulopathy associated with DIC, a common complication. Activated protein C inhibits clotting factors and promotes fibrinolysis, helping to restore normal coagulation function. This treatment does not directly dampen the cytokine storm (choice A), raise blood pressure (choice B), or boost the immune response (choice D) in septic shock patients. It specifically targets the coagulation abnormalities seen in DIC, making choice C the most appropriate answer.
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Which classification of chemotherapy drugs is cell cycle phase–nonspecific, breaks the DNA helix which interferes with DNA replication, and crosses the blood-brain barrier?
- A. Nitrosureas
- B. Antimetabolites
- C. Mitotic inhibitors
- D. Antitumor antibiotics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nitrosureas are cell cycle phase–nonspecific, disrupt DNA replication, and cross the blood-brain barrier.
What type of cells do natural killer (NK) cells target?
- A. Bacterial cells
- B. Virus-infected and cancerous cells
- C. Plasma cells
- D. Self-antigens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Natural killer (NK) cells target virus-infected and cancerous cells because they have the ability to recognize abnormal cells through activating receptors. These cells can identify changes in surface markers associated with viral infection or cancer, leading to their destruction. NK cells do not target bacterial cells (choice A), plasma cells (choice C), or self-antigens (choice D) as these are not typically recognized as threats by the immune system. NK cells play a crucial role in immune surveillance against abnormal cells, making choice B the correct answer.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the immune system?
- A. Promoting wound healing
- B. Fighting cancer
- C. Increasing pathogen reproduction
- D. Eliminating cell debris
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increasing pathogen reproduction. The immune system's main function is to protect the body from pathogens and foreign invaders, not to promote their reproduction. A: Promoting wound healing is correct as the immune system helps in tissue repair. B: Fighting cancer is correct as the immune system plays a role in recognizing and destroying cancerous cells. D: Eliminating cell debris is correct as the immune system helps in clearing out dead or damaged cells to maintain tissue health.
Match the immunoglobulins with their primary functions:
- A. 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D
- B. 1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A
- C. 1-D, 2-B, 3-C, 4-A
- D. 1-A, 2-D, 3-B, 4-C
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D. Immunoglobulins are antibodies with different functions:
1. IgG (C) - Main antibody in secondary immune response.
2. IgA (A) - Found in mucosal areas, neutralizes pathogens.
3. IgM (B) - First antibody produced in primary immune response.
4. IgE (D) - Involved in allergic reactions and defense against parasites. Other choices are incorrect as they mismatch the immunoglobulins with their functions.
During data collection, the nurse learns the patient is allergic to shellfish. Which precautions should be implemented during the patient's hospitalization?
- A. The patient should be placed in a private room.
- B. The kitchen should use dedicated equipment for all of the patient's food preparation.
- C. Iodine-based skin preparations should be replaced with different bactericidal cleansers.
- D. The patient's allergy should be noted on the medical record and communicated clearly to all caretakers.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale:
1. The correct answer is D because it addresses the essential action of noting the patient's allergy on the medical record and communicating it to all caretakers to prevent inadvertent exposure.
2. Choice A is not necessary unless the patient's allergy poses an infection control risk that warrants isolation.
3. Choice B is excessive and not required as long as cross-contamination is prevented during food preparation.
4. Choice C is unrelated to the patient's shellfish allergy and not a standard precaution in this scenario.