Nokea
Pharmacokinetics is:
- A. The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
- B. The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
- C. The study of mechanism of drugs
- D. The study of methods of new drug development
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics focuses on how the body handles a drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), distinguishing it from pharmacodynamics, which studies drug effects.
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An order is written for a patient to receive 1000 mL of normal saline IV over 8 hours. If the IV infusion set is a microdrip set that delivers 60 drops/mL, how many drops per minute should the patient be receiving?
- A. 60 drops/min
- B. 120 drops/min
- C. 240 drops/min
- D. 480 drops/min
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If a patient were to receive 1000 mL in 8 hours, dividing 1000 by 8 would mean that the patient would receive 125 mL in 1 hour, or 60 minutes. Setting up the equation, 60 drops/mL X = 125 mL/60 min, and cross-multiplying, the answer is 120 drops/min.
The nurse observes that after administration of a drug the patient has developed itching and a skin rash. The nurse interprets these findings as which of the following?
- A. Toxicity
- B. Allergic reaction
- C. Angioedema
- D. Crystalluria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allergic reactions are manifested by a variety of signs and symptoms including itching, skin rashes, and hives. Swollen eyelids, lips, and mouth are some of the symptoms of angioedema, an allergic drug reaction that may block the airway, causing asphyxia. Toxicity or toxic reactions are caused when blood concentration levels exceed the therapeutic level of drugs. Reduced blood pressure is called hypotension. Crystals in the urine are symptoms of crystalluria.
Medication orders are written with very specific criteria and coincide with the 7 rights of medication administration. What critical piece of information is missing from the following medication order? Amoxicillin 250 mg every 8 hours.
- A. Dose
- B. Route
- C. Frequency of administration
- D. Trade name of the drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The route (e.g., oral, IV) is missing, essential for safe administration per the 7 rights.
When administering an intradermal injection, the nurse would use a 1-mL syringe with which gauge of needle? Select one that does not apply.
- A. 26 gauge
- B. 27 gauge
- C. 29 gauge
- D. 25 gauge
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A 1-mL syringe with a 25- to 27-gauge needle that is 1/4 to 5/8 inches long is best suited for intradermal injections.
What would the nurse provide when preparing a patient for discharge and home medication self-administration?
- A. Personal contact information to use if the patient has questions
- B. Thorough medication teaching about drugs and the drug regimen
- C. Over-the-counter medications to use to treat potential adverse effects
- D. A sample size package of medication to take home until prescription is filled
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse is responsible for providing thorough medication teaching about drugs and the drug regimen to ensure the patient knows how to take the medication and when to notify the provider. The nurse never provides personal contact information to a patient. If adverse effects arise, the patient is taught to call the health care provider and should not self-medicate with over-the-counter drugs, which could mask serious symptoms. The nurse never dispenses medication because it must be properly labeled for home use; this is done by the pharmacy.