Nokea
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a client who has absence seizures. The nurse should anticipate administering which of the following medications?
- A. Phenytoin
- B. Ethosuximide
- C. Gabapentin
- D. Carbamazepine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ethosuximide , valproic acid , and lamotrigine are effective for absence seizures.
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Digoxin is a drug that has been used to treat systolic heart failure for over 200 years. It has a therapeutic index value of 2. How many daily doses of digoxin will the average patient have to take at one time to have a 50:50 chance of developing toxic side effects?
- A. One
- B. Two
- C. I don't know
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: With a therapeutic index of 2, the toxic dose is twice the therapeutic dose. Taking two daily doses at once would reach this threshold, giving a 50:50 chance of toxicity.
All of following drugs are metabolized in body by acetylation except:
- A. INH
- B. Hydralazine
- C. Procainamide
- D. Dilantin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dilantin (phenytoin) is metabolized by hydroxylation, not acetylation.
Hypoglycemic effects of repaglinide and nateglinide is determined with:
- A. Closure of ATP sensitive K+ channels
- B. Increase numbers of insulin receptors
- C. Stimulation of PPAR-Y receptors
- D. Degradation of incretin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Repaglinide and nateglinide close ATP-sensitive K+ channels on beta cells, triggering insulin release.
A nurse is preparing a client's medications. Which of the following actions should the nurse take in following legal practice guidelines? (Select ONE that does not apply.)
- A. Maintain skill competency.
- B. Determine the dosage.
- C. Monitor for adverse effects.
- D. Safeguard medications.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nurses must maintain competency , monitor effects , and safeguard meds ; determining dosage is the prescriber's role.
An agonist is substance that:
- A. Interacts with the receptor without producing any effect
- B. Interacts with the receptor and initiates changes in cell function, producing various effects
- C. Increases concentration of another substance to produce effect
- D. Interacts with plasma proteins and doesn't produce any effect
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An agonist binds receptors and activates them, producing a biological effect.