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Planning safety interventions for a teenager with a history of self-injurious behavior is based on what research-based information?
- A. Teenagers rarely entertain the idea of suicide.
- B. Self-injury is always viewed as a risk factor for future suicidal attempts.
- C. Assessment for suicidal ideations is a vital component of this child's care.
- D. Suicides can occur accidentally as a result of self-injurious behaviors.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because research indicates that suicides can occur accidentally as a result of self-injurious behaviors. This is known as an unintentional suicide, where the individual did not intend to die but died due to the severity of their self-injurious behavior. This information is crucial for planning safety interventions for the teenager, as it highlights the potential seriousness of self-injury.
Choice A is incorrect because research shows that suicidal ideation is not uncommon among teenagers, so it cannot be assumed that they rarely entertain the idea of suicide. Choice B is also incorrect because while self-injury can be a risk factor for future suicidal attempts, it is not always the case. Choice C is relevant but not the most specific to the scenario presented in the question, as it focuses solely on suicidal ideations rather than the potential accidental outcomes of self-injury.
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Which statement by a patient who has given informed consent for ECT confirms that the patient understands the side effects of this treatment?
- A. “It will take several weeks before I feel good again.”
- B. "I won’t need any further treatments after completing this one session."
- C. “My short-term memory loss will be only temporary."
- D. "This treatment guarantees that my depression will never come back."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it accurately reflects the known side effect of ECT, which is temporary short-term memory loss. This statement indicates the patient comprehends the potential cognitive impact of the treatment.
A is incorrect because it does not address specific side effects of ECT. B is incorrect as it implies a misconception that only one session is needed. D is incorrect as ECT does not guarantee that depression will never return.
Planning for a patient with Asperger's disorder will be facilitated if the nurse understands that this disorder is different from autism. The nurse will base care on knowledge that Asperger's disorder is characterized by:
- A. Repetitive patterns of behavior
- B. Age-appropriate language development.
- C. Stereotypic movements and speech patterns
- D. Obsession with objects that move in a spinning motion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Age-appropriate language development. Asperger's disorder is characterized by normal to above-average language development, whereas autism typically presents with delays or impairments in language skills. This is important for planning care as it influences communication strategies and interventions for individuals with Asperger's.
A: Repetitive patterns of behavior are more indicative of autism, not specific to Asperger's.
C: Stereotypic movements and speech patterns are also more associated with autism and not a defining feature of Asperger's.
D: Obsession with objects that move in a spinning motion is a specific behavior that may be seen in some individuals with autism, but it is not a defining characteristic of Asperger's disorder.
Which developmental level would be characterized by a child being able to focus, coordinate, and imagine a series of events?
.
- A. Preoperational
- B. Concrete operational
- C. Formal operational
- D. Postoperational
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Concrete operational. At this developmental level, children typically exhibit the ability to focus, coordinate, and imagine a series of events. This stage, according to Piaget's theory, usually occurs around ages 7 to 11. Children at this stage can perform logical operations, understand conservation, and think more systematically.
A: Preoperational - Children at this stage (ages 2-7) lack the ability to perform logical operations and struggle with understanding conservation and cause-and-effect relationships.
C: Formal operational - This stage (typically starting around age 11) involves abstract thinking, hypothetical reasoning, and problem-solving beyond the concrete level.
D: Postoperational - This term is not a recognized developmental stage in Piaget's theory.
A nurse assesses four patients between the ages of 70 and 80. Which patient has the highest risk for alcohol abuse? The patient who:
- A. Consumes 1 glass of wine nightly with dinner.
- B. Drank socially throughout adult life and continues this pattern, saying, “I’ve earned the right to do as I please.”
- C. Began drinking alcohol daily after retirement and says, “A few drinks keep my mind off my arthritis.”
- D. Abused alcohol between the ages of 25 and 40 but now abstains and occasionally attends Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the patient who started drinking daily after retirement as a coping mechanism for arthritis has the highest risk for alcohol abuse. This behavior indicates a potential dependence on alcohol to manage physical and emotional discomfort, leading to increased consumption and potential addiction.
Choice A is not the correct answer because consuming 1 glass of wine nightly with dinner is generally considered moderate drinking and does not necessarily indicate alcohol abuse.
Choice B is also not the correct answer as social drinking throughout adult life, even if justified as a reward, does not inherently suggest alcohol abuse without further evidence of problematic drinking patterns.
Choice D is incorrect as the patient has a history of alcohol abuse but currently abstains and seeks support through AA, indicating active efforts to maintain sobriety and reduce the risk of alcohol abuse.
An older adult patient was diagnosed with schizophrenia at age 18. A nurse at the outpatient medication clinic interviews this patient. Which communication strategy will be most helpful?
- A. Ask questions that can be answered with yes or no.
- B. Use silence often and let the patient take the lead.
- C. Use open-ended, indirect questions.
- D. Ask clear, simple questions using concrete language.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ask clear, simple questions using concrete language. This strategy is most helpful because older adults with schizophrenia may have cognitive impairments that affect their ability to process complex information. Clear and simple questions using concrete language can help the patient understand and respond effectively.
Choice A (Ask questions that can be answered with yes or no) limits communication and may not provide enough information for the nurse to assess the patient's condition comprehensively. Choice B (Use silence often and let the patient take the lead) may not be effective as the patient may struggle to communicate effectively due to cognitive impairments. Choice C (Use open-ended, indirect questions) may lead to confusion or misinterpretation for a patient with cognitive challenges.