Adult Health Nursing First Chapter Quizlet

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A patient presents with crushing chest pain that lasts longer than 20 minutes, diaphoresis, and dyspnea. An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows ST-segment elevation in the anterior leads. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

  • A. Stable angina
  • B. Unstable angina
  • C. Acute myocardial infarction
  • D. Prinzmetal's angina
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient is most likely experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) based on the presentation of crushing chest pain lasting longer than 20 minutes, diaphoresis, dyspnea, and ST-segment elevation on the ECG. These symptoms are consistent with the classic presentation of an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), which is a type of acute MI that is characterized by prolonged ischemia leading to myocardial cell death. In this case, the ST-segment elevation in the anterior leads indicates myocardial damage in the corresponding area of the heart supplied by the affected coronary artery. This is a medical emergency that requires urgent intervention to restore blood flow to the affected myocardium and prevent further complications.

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A nurse is preparing to assist with a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube insertion for a patient requiring long-term enteral feeding. What action should the nurse prioritize to ensure procedural success?

  • A. Confirming the patient's fasting status before the PEG tube insertion
  • B. Positioning the patient in a supine position with the head of the bed elevated
  • C. Administering prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infection
  • D. Coordinating with radiology or gastroenterology for procedural guidance Dermatology
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Coordinating with radiology or gastroenterology for procedural guidance is crucial to ensure the success of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube insertion. This procedure is typically performed under endoscopic guidance to ensure proper placement of the tube into the stomach through the abdominal wall. Radiology or gastroenterology professionals are trained to perform and guide the insertion procedure, making their involvement essential for a successful outcome. Additionally, their expertise helps minimize the risk of complications during and after the PEG tube placement.

The toddlers years are a time of great cognitive, emotional and social development. The toddles is a child _______ months old.

  • A. 6 to 12
  • B. 36 to 48
  • C. 9 to 36
  • D. 12 to 36
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Toddlers are typically children who are 1 to 3 years old. In this context, the toddlers are children in the age range of 9 to 36 months old. This period is marked by significant cognitive, emotional, and social development as children in this age group start to explore their environments, develop their language skills, begin to understand emotions, and interact with others. It is a crucial stage in a child's development where they start becoming more independent and forming their own identities.

Choose how many times at least the nurses conducts physical assessment to school children.

  • A. Thrice a year
  • B. Every semester
  • C. Every quarter
  • D. Once a year
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: It is recommended for nurses to conduct physical assessments on school children at least three times a year, or thrice a year. This frequency allows nurses to monitor the children's growth and development, assess any changes in their health status, and provide early intervention if needed. Regular physical assessments help ensure that any health issues are identified promptly and addressed appropriately, promoting the overall well-being and academic performance of the students.

A patient presents with a yellowish-white spot on the cornea, surrounded by a ring of inflammation. Slit-lamp examination reveals branching, filamentous opacities extending from the corneal lesion. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?

  • A. Herpes simplex keratitis
  • B. Bacterial keratitis
  • C. Fungal keratitis
  • D. Acanthamoeba keratitis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The described presentation of a yellowish-white spot on the cornea with a ring of inflammation, along with branching, filamentous opacities extending from the corneal lesion, is characteristic of fungal keratitis. Fungal keratitis typically presents with these specific features on clinical examination.

Which of the following actions is appropriate for managing a conscious patient with a dislocated shoulder?

  • A. Attempting to reduce the dislocation by pulling on the affected arm.
  • B. Applying a splint to immobilize the arm in the dislocated position.
  • C. Providing analgesia and applying ice packs to the affected shoulder.
  • D. Administering intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: For managing a conscious patient with a dislocated shoulder, the appropriate action is to provide analgesia to help manage the pain and discomfort associated with the dislocation. Applying ice packs to the affected shoulder can also help reduce swelling and provide some relief. It is important to refrain from attempting to reduce the dislocation by pulling on the affected arm, as this can cause further damage and worsen the injury. Applying a splint to immobilize the arm in the dislocated position is also not recommended, as this can lead to complications and hinder the reduction process. Administering intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration is not directly related to managing a dislocated shoulder in a conscious patient.

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