Nokea
Plummer Vinson syndrome is not associated with:
- A. angular stomatitis
- B. splenomegaly
- C. clubbing
- D. post cricoid web
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: clubbing. Plummer Vinson syndrome is characterized by the triad of iron deficiency anemia, dysphagia, and esophageal webs. Clubbing is not a typical feature of Plummer Vinson syndrome. Angular stomatitis (A), splenomegaly (B), and post cricoid web (D) are commonly associated with Plummer Vinson syndrome due to chronic iron deficiency anemia. Clubbing is more commonly seen in conditions such as chronic respiratory or cardiac diseases, not in Plummer Vinson syndrome.
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The nurse is reviewing the parts of the complete blood count and differential with a patient. Where should the nurse state that neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are produced?
- A. Spleen
- B. Thymus
- C. Lymph nodes
- D. Red bone marrow
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Red bone marrow. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are all types of white blood cells that are produced in the red bone marrow. Red bone marrow is the primary site of hematopoiesis in adults, where all blood cells, including white blood cells, are produced. The red bone marrow contains stem cells that differentiate into various types of blood cells, including neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Therefore, the nurse should explain to the patient that these specific types of white blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow. The other choices (A: Spleen, B: Thymus, C: Lymph nodes) are incorrect because they are not the primary sites for the production of these specific white blood cells.
A 60-year-old patient with chronic myeloid leukemia will be treated in the home setting and the nurse is preparing appropriate health education. What topic should the nurse emphasize?
- A. The importance of adhering to the prescribed drug regimen
- B. The need to ensure that vaccinations are up to date
- C. The importance of daily physical activity
- D. The need to avoid shellfish and raw foods
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The importance of adhering to the prescribed drug regimen. This is crucial for managing chronic myeloid leukemia effectively. Non-adherence can lead to disease progression and treatment failure. Option B is important but not as critical as medication adherence. Option C is generally good for overall health but not specific to managing the disease. Option D is irrelevant to the management of chronic myeloid leukemia.
A 60-year-old patient with chronic myeloid leukemia will be treated in the home setting and the nurse is preparing appropriate health education. What topic should the nurse emphasize?
- A. The importance of adhering to the prescribed drug regimen
- B. The need to ensure that vaccinations are up to date
- C. The importance of daily physical activity
- D. The need to avoid shellfish and raw foods
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The importance of adhering to the prescribed drug regimen. This is crucial in managing chronic myeloid leukemia effectively. Medication adherence is essential to control the disease and prevent complications. Skipping doses can lead to treatment failure or drug resistance.
B: While vaccinations are important, they are not the top priority in managing chronic myeloid leukemia.
C: Daily physical activity is beneficial for overall health but is not the primary concern in this case.
D: Avoiding shellfish and raw foods is not a key aspect of managing chronic myeloid leukemia.
Koilonychias is a specific feature of
- A. Hemolytic anemia
- B. Sickle cell disease
- C. Thalassemia major
- D. Iron deficiency anemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why the correct answer is D (Iron deficiency anemia):
1. Koilonychias is characterized by spoon-shaped nails, a classic sign of iron deficiency anemia due to changes in nail structure.
2. Iron deficiency leads to decreased production of keratin, causing nail deformities like koilonychias.
3. Hemolytic anemia (choice A) and Sickle cell disease (choice B) are not typically associated with koilonychias.
4. Thalassemia major (choice C) can cause nail changes, but koilonychias is more commonly seen in iron deficiency anemia.
A 35-year-old male is admitted to the hospital complaining of severe headaches, vomiting, and testicular pain. His blood work shows reduced numbers of platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes, with a high proportion of immature cells. The nurse caring for this patient suspects a diagnosis of what?
- A. AML
- B. CML
- C. MDS
- D. ALL
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: ALL (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia). In this scenario, the patient presents with symptoms of headaches, vomiting, testicular pain, and abnormal blood work showing reduced platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes with a high proportion of immature cells. These findings are characteristic of ALL, a type of leukemia that primarily affects lymphoid cells. The combination of symptoms and blood work results suggests a rapid and aggressive proliferation of immature lymphoid cells, leading to bone marrow failure and symptoms such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. AML (choice A) primarily affects myeloid cells, not lymphoid cells. CML (choice B) typically presents with elevated leukocyte count and presence of the Philadelphia chromosome. MDS (choice C) is a group of disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis leading to cytopenias, but does not typically present with the rapid onset of symptoms seen in this case