Nokea
PNAd is expressed on
- A. HEV
- B. Lymphocytes
- C. Dendritic cells
- D. Thymus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: HEV (High Endothelial Venules). PNAd is a ligand expressed on high endothelial venules, which helps in the recruitment of lymphocytes from the bloodstream into secondary lymphoid organs. PNAd is not primarily expressed on lymphocytes themselves (B) or dendritic cells (C). While PNAd can be involved in thymocyte migration to the thymus, it is not expressed on the thymus itself (D). Thus, the correct answer is A as it directly relates to the function and location of PNAd expression.
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Which of the following statements accurately describe genetic testing (select all that apply)?
- A. Results of genetic testing may raise psychologic and emotional issues.
- B. An ethical issue that is raised with genetic testing is protection of privacy to prevent discrimination.
- C. Genetic testing of the mother can be used to determine an unborn child’s risk of having genetic conditions.
- D. An example of genetic testing that is required by all states is premarital testing of women for the hemophilia gene.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Genetic testing raises psychological and ethical concerns, helps assess risks in unborn children, and includes tests like BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation screening. Premarital hemophilia testing is not universally mandated.
A segment of DNA that reads the same from forward and backward is called_____.
- A. Complementary DNA
- B. Palindromic DNA
- C. Copy DNA
- D. Transcribed DNA
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Palindromic DNA. Palindromic DNA refers to a segment of DNA that reads the same from both directions. This property occurs when the nucleotide sequence on one strand of DNA is the reverse complement of the nucleotide sequence on the other strand. This symmetry allows the DNA sequence to be read the same forward and backward.
Incorrect choices:
A: Complementary DNA - Complementary DNA refers to a synthesized DNA strand that is complementary to a given DNA sequence.
C: Copy DNA - Copy DNA is not a commonly used term in molecular biology.
D: Transcribed DNA - Transcribed DNA refers to DNA that has been converted into RNA through the process of transcription, not DNA that reads the same forward and backward.
Which factors will assist a patient in coping positively with having cancer (select all that apply)?
- A. Feeling of control
- B. Strong support system
- C. Internalization of feelings
- D. Possibility of cure or control
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Factors such as feeling in control, having a strong support system, and the possibility of cure or control enhance positive coping with cancer.
In the 1960s, smallpox was endemic:
- A. In many developing countries
- B. In North America
- C. In England
- D. Globally
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: In many developing countries. Smallpox was indeed endemic in many developing countries in the 1960s, causing significant morbidity and mortality. This is supported by historical records and epidemiological data from that time period. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because smallpox was not endemic in North America, England, or globally during the 1960s. Smallpox eradication efforts led to the global eradication of the disease in 1980, but in the 1960s, it was still prevalent in many developing countries.
A patient in Russell traction with a Pearson attachment for a fracture of the tibia complains of intense pain at the fracture site. The nurse assesses a temperature of 102° F and increased swelling at the fracture site. Which complication do these findings suggest?
- A. Osteomyelitis
- B. Fat embolism
- C. Traction misalignment
- D. Nonunion of the fracture
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Osteomyelitis. The combination of intense pain, increased swelling, elevated temperature, and presence of traction indicates an infection in the bone, suggesting osteomyelitis. This serious complication requires prompt treatment with antibiotics.
Incorrect choices:
B: Fat embolism - This typically presents with respiratory distress, petechiae, and neurological changes, not with localized pain and swelling.
C: Traction misalignment - This would cause a change in the alignment of the fracture but would not typically present with fever and localized signs of infection.
D: Nonunion of the fracture - Nonunion is a failure of the bone to heal, which would not typically present with the acute signs of infection seen in this case.