Nokea
Pneumothorax symptoms.
- A. Chest pain
- B. Shortness of breath
- C. Both A and B
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Symptoms include sharp chest pain and difficulty breathing.
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Identify the three layers of the heart:
- A. Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium
- B. Epicardium, Pericardium, Endocardium
- C. Myocardium, Endocardium, Pericardium
- D. Pericardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Endocardium: Innermost layer lining the heart chambers.
2. Myocardium: Middle layer composed of cardiac muscle tissue.
3. Epicardium: Outermost layer forming the visceral pericardium.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
Summary:
B is incorrect as it includes Pericardium instead of Myocardium.
C is incorrect as it switches the positions of Myocardium and Epicardium.
D is incorrect as it has the layers listed in the wrong order and includes Pericardium as the innermost layer.
During hemodynamic monitoring, the nurse finds that the patient has a decreased CO with unchanged pulmonary artery wedge pressures, HR, and SVR. The nurse identifies that the patient has a decrease in
- A. SV
- B. Preload
- C. Afterload
- D. Contractility
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: CO is dependent on the heart rate and stroke volume, and stroke volume is determined by preload, afterload and contractility. If CO is decreased and heart rate is unchanged, stroke volume is the variable factor.
What is the condition where the lung collapses due to air leaking into the space between the lung and chest wall?
- A. Pneumothorax
- B. Pleural effusion
- C. Pulmonary fibrosis
- D. Lung cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pneumothorax. This condition occurs when air enters the pleural space, causing the lung to collapse. The air disrupts the pressure balance, leading to lung collapse. Pleural effusion (B) is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, not air. Pulmonary fibrosis (C) is scarring of lung tissue, unrelated to air leakage. Lung cancer (D) is the abnormal growth of cells in the lung, not directly causing air leakage.
What is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the small airways in the lungs, leading to episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, and coughing?
- A. Asthma
- B. COPD
- C. Bronchitis
- D. Lung cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Asthma. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the small airways in the lungs, causing symptoms like wheezing, breathlessness, and coughing. The inflammation in the airways leads to narrowing and constriction, resulting in the characteristic symptoms of asthma. Asthma is typically triggered by various factors such as allergens, pollutants, exercise, or infections.
Summary of other choices:
B: COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is a different condition characterized by irreversible airflow limitation due to chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
C: Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often caused by viral infections or smoking, but it does not specifically target the small airways like asthma.
D: Lung cancer is a malignancy that arises in the lungs and is not primarily associated with chronic inflammation of the small airways as seen in asthma.
A long-term-care resident with venous stasis ulcers is treated with Unna's boot. Which of the nursing activities included in the resident's care is best for you to delegate to a nursing assistant?
- A. Monitor capillary perfusion once every 8 hours.
- B. Teach family members the signs of infection.
- C. Evaluate foot sensation and movement each shift.
- D. Assist patient with cleaning around Unna's boot.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cleaning around the boot is a simple task suitable for a nursing assistant.