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Population structure is a diagram of population typically presented in a pyramid-like style format based on ___________.
- A. Sex and educational attainment
- B. Age and civil status
- C. Age and fertility
- D. Age and sex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Population structure is a diagram that presents the distribution of a population based on age and sex. It is typically displayed in a pyramid-like style format, with the horizontal axis showing the age groups and the vertical axis showing the percentage or number of individuals in each age group, divided by sex. This helps to visualize how the population is distributed in terms of age and sex, providing important insights into demographic trends, such as age dependency ratio and potential future trends in population growth or decline. Age and sex are the key demographic variables used to construct a population structure diagram.
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Mr. C is an older patient with a known history of peripheral vascular disease. The nurse places a heating pad directly on the patient's lower leg to relieve muscle spasms. The heating pad causes a burn, the area becomes infected, and the patient eventually must have a skin graft. This is an example of which of the following?
- A. Malpractice
- B. Vicarious liability
- C. Assault
- D. Negligence
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Negligence refers to the failure to take proper care in doing something. In this scenario, the nurse failed to exercise the standard of care expected in placing a heating pad directly on Mr. C's lower leg, knowing his history of peripheral vascular disease. This failure led to a burn and subsequent infection that required a skin graft for treatment. The actions of the nurse were negligent as they did not meet the expected standard of care, resulting in harm to the patient. This situation does not fit the definition of assault, malpractice, or vicarious liability, making negligence the most appropriate choice.
A patient presents with symptoms of severe allergies, including difficulty breathing, hives, and swelling. Which of the following cells is primarily responsible for mediating these allergic responses?
- A. Eosinophils
- B. Basophils
- C. Mast cells
- D. Neutrophils
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mast cells are primarily responsible for mediating allergic responses such as severe allergies. When an allergen triggers the immune response, mast cells release histamine, leukotrienes, and other inflammatory mediators. These substances cause symptoms such as difficulty breathing, hives, and swelling. Basophils also release histamine, but mast cells are more abundant in tissues and play a significant role in allergic reactions. Eosinophils are involved in allergic reactions but are more focused on combating parasitic infections. Neutrophils are not typically involved in allergic responses but play a key role in combating bacterial infections.
Endocrine changes often result in a bulimic patient. Which of the following would be an expected change in Sherry?
- A. Delayed Thyroid Stimulating Hormone response to Hormone Replacement Therapy
- B. Increased production of Follicle Stimulating Hormone
- C. Hypopituitarism
- D. Decreased Adrenocorticotropic Hormone in response to cortisone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Endocrine changes in a bulimic patient, such as Sherry, can lead to disruptions in the pituitary gland's function. Hypopituitarism refers to a disorder in which the pituitary gland does not produce one or more of its hormones adequately. This can result in hormonal imbalances and have various effects on the body's functions. In Sherry's case, developing hypopituitarism would be an expected change due to the endocrine disruptions associated with bulimia. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor and address these endocrine changes in bulimic patients to prevent further complications.
The nurse is aware that the proper management of poisoning includes the following EXCEPT to
- A. perform hemoperfusion
- B. remove the toxin through dialysis
- C. dilute the ingested substance
- D. induce vomiting after ingestion of the caustic substance or petroleum distillate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hemoperfusion is not a standard management technique for poisoning. The other options are commonly used methods in managing poisoning cases.
Which of the following characteristics of Cushing disease is TRUE? The disease occurs in women between 20 to 40 year of age. II.The use of Corticosteroids for multiple immune conditions is a cause of the disease process. III. Condition is aggravated by excessive production of ACTH. IV.The surgical treatment of choice is Transphenoidal hypophysectomy
- A. II & III
- B. I, II, III, & IV
- C. I, II, & III
- D. I & Il
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Statement II is correct because the use of corticosteroids for multiple immune conditions can lead to the development of Cushing's disease.