Nokea
Post-partum haemorrhage is likely to lead to acute renal failure due to
- A. Sheehan’s syndrome
- B. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- C. Hypovolaemia leading to tubules necrosis
- D. Asherman’s syndrome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypovolaemia from excessive bleeding can lead to renal failure.
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Mr. Novello is an 81-year old male patient who presents with crampy abdominal pain in the hypogastrum and a vague history as to his last normal bowel movement. Physical examination reveals distention and high-pitched bowel sounds. The patient says he has never has this kind of problem before and denies any history of abdominal surgery. Abdominal radiographs reveal a frame pattern of colonic distention. The AGACNP considers
- A. A stimulant laxative to relieve bowel contents
- B. Carcinoma of the bowel as a leading diagnosis
- C. Decompression of the colon with rectal tube
- D. Angiography to rule out mesenteric ischemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate step for the AGACNP to take in this scenario is to decompress the colon with a rectal tube. The patient's presentation, including crampy abdominal pain, distention, lack of bowel movements, and a frame pattern of colonic distention on radiographs, are suggestive of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, also known as Ogilvie's syndrome. This condition is characterized by colonic distention without a mechanical obstruction, which can lead to significant complications such as perforation.
How do maternal mental health issues affect pregnancy?
- A. Lead to preterm birth
- B. Increase risk of low birth weight
- C. Cause poor fetal growth
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mental health issues can negatively impact fetal growth and birth outcomes.
Postmaturity is pregnancy equal to or more than
- A. 38 completed weeks
- B. 42 completed weeks
- C. 40 completed weeks
- D. 36 completed weeks
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Postmaturity refers to pregnancies that last beyond 42 weeks.
Vaginal birth after caesarean section is known as
- A. Spontaneous vaginal delivery
- B. Trial of scar
- C. Spontaneous vertex delivery
- D. Trial of birth
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vaginal birth after cesarean is known as a trial of scar.
Diabetes in pregnancy predisposes a mother to developing vulvo-vaginitis due to
- A. High acidity levels which favor growth of Escherichia coli
- B. Low acidity levels which favor growth of Candida albicans
- C. Existing chronic hypertension
- D. Lowered osmotic pressure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes in pregnancy alters vaginal pH, promoting Candida albicans growth.