Nokea
The MOST common type of breech presentation is
- A. Frank breech presentation
- B. Complete breech presentation
- C. Incomplete breech presentation
- D. Footling breech presentation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Frank breech, where the buttocks are presenting with the legs extended, is the most common type of breech presentation.
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R. R. is a 61-year-old male patient who presents with a chief complaint of fever and urinary symptoms. He was in his usual state of good health when for no apparent reason he developed pain in his back and perineal region, as well as fever and chills. He presents as septic. He had urinary hesitancy and decreased stream but now reports that he has not passed urine in more than 12 hours. Palpation of the lower abdomen is consistent with bladder distention. The AGACNP knows that which of the following is contraindicated in this circumstance?
- A. Digital prostate examination
- B. Urinary catheterization
- C. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics
- D. Drainage of prostate abscess
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a patient with suspected prostatic abscess and urinary retention, urinary catheterization is contraindicated due to the risk of spreading infection and causing potential complications such as septicemia or worsening of the abscess. The introduction of a catheter can disrupt the abscess capsule, leading to dissemination of the infection. Therefore, other methods of decompression and treatment should be considered, such as drainage of the abscess or other appropriate interventions guided by a healthcare provider.
Postmaturity is pregnancy equal to or more than
- A. 38 completed weeks
- B. 42 completed weeks
- C. 40 completed weeks
- D. 36 completed weeks
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Postmaturity refers to pregnancies that last beyond 42 weeks.
Which one of the following positions is SAFEST for a woman in labor with a cord prolapse?
- A. Lithotomy
- B. Trendelenburg
- C. Fowler’s
- D. Prone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Trendelenburg position helps reduce pressure on the umbilical cord during prolapse.
Important components that mobilize brown fat in neonates to produce heat are
- A. Respiration and activity
- B. Oxygen and protein
- C. Calcium and glucose
- D. Oxygen and glucose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxygen and glucose are critical for brown fat mobilization and thermogenesis in neonates.
M. R. is a 52-year-old female who presents complaining of significant abdominal pain, which she rates as 8 to 9 on a 1 to 10 scale. The pain has been going on for a matter of hours, and she is afraid it wont go away on its own. She denies any nausea or vomiting, and she cannot remember precisely when her last bowel movement occurred probably it was a few days ago. She reports that she is always constipated. On physical examination, she is tachycardic but otherwise has normal vital signs her abdomen is tensely rigid, but no point tenderness to palpation is appreciated. The entire abdomen percusses as tympanicthere is no distinct dullness over the upper quadrants. Bowel sounds are present but hypoactive and intermittent. There is rebound tenderness to palpation. The AGACNP suspects
- A. Perforated bowel
- B. Peritonitis
- C. Ischemic bowel
- D. Intestinal abscess
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient's presentation with significant abdominal pain, tachycardia, tensely rigid abdomen, rebound tenderness, hypoactive and intermittent bowel sounds, and tympanic percussion of the entire abdomen is concerning for peritonitis. Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum, which is the lining of the abdominal cavity. It is often caused by an infection or irritation, such as from a perforated bowel, which can lead to the leakage of bowel contents into the peritoneal cavity. The presentation of peritonitis includes severe abdominal pain, guarding, rebound tenderness, abdominal distension, and signs of systemic inflammation like tachycardia and fever. In this case, the lack of point tenderness to palpation and the absence of dullness over the upper quadrants make perforated bowel less likely, while the tense rigidity of the abdomen and rebound tenderness are more suggestive of diffuse peritonitis. Ischem