Nokea
Postdatism is pregnancy equal to or more than
- A. 280 days
- B. 294 days
- C. 290 days
- D. 287 days
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Postdatism refers to a pregnancy that extends beyond the normal gestation period of 280 days. The correct answer is B (294 days) as it is more than the standard 280-day term. Choice A (280 days) is the normal term, not postdatism. Choices C (290 days) and D (287 days) are also below the 294-day mark, making them incorrect for defining postdatism.
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A neonate of a smear-negative mother just before birth receives BCG as usual.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. -
- D. -
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. This is because BCG vaccination for newborns is recommended even if the mother is smear-negative for tuberculosis, as it helps protect the newborn from severe forms of TB. Smear status of the mother does not impact the need for BCG vaccination in the neonate. Choice B is incorrect as it falsely implies that BCG should not be given in this scenario. Choices C and D are not applicable as they do not provide any information.
Icterus gravis and hydrops fetalis are conditions highly associated with:
- A. Rhesus D incompatibility
- B. ABO incompatibility
- C. Physiological jaundice
- D. Instant perinatal death
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Rhesus D incompatibility. Icterus gravis (severe jaundice) and hydrops fetalis (abnormal accumulation of fluid) are both conditions commonly associated with Rhesus D incompatibility between a mother and her fetus. This occurs when the mother is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive, leading to maternal antibodies attacking the fetal red blood cells, resulting in severe hemolytic anemia and subsequent complications.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
B: ABO incompatibility typically leads to less severe jaundice and hemolytic disease compared to Rhesus D incompatibility.
C: Physiological jaundice is a common and benign condition in newborns caused by the immaturity of the liver, not by blood type incompatibility.
D: Instant perinatal death is not specifically associated with these conditions, but rather with other serious complications during childbirth.
In uterine inversion, the last part to be replaced is the
- A. Cervix
- B. Fundus
- C. Isthmus
- D. Body
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In uterine inversion, the fundus is the last part to be replaced due to its position being the deepest inside the vagina. The fundus is the upper portion of the uterus and is the last part to invert back into its normal position. The cervix, isthmus, and body are parts of the uterus that are more easily replaced during the process of uterine inversion. The fundus being the final part to be replaced ensures the uterus is fully restored to its correct orientation.
Vaginal birth after caesarean section is known as
- A. Spontaneous vaginal delivery
- B. Trial of scar
- C. Spontaneous vertex delivery
- D. Trial of birth
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Trial of scar. This term specifically refers to the process of attempting a vaginal birth after a previous caesarean section. It involves monitoring the previous cesarean scar for any signs of complications during labor.
A: Spontaneous vaginal delivery refers to giving birth vaginally without any previous cesarean section.
C: Spontaneous vertex delivery simply describes the position of the baby's head during birth.
D: Trial of birth is not a commonly used term in obstetrics and does not specifically relate to VBAC.
A general principle in surgical oncology is that the best approach to curative surgery in a fixed tumor requires
- A. En bloc resection
- B. Adjuvant therapies
- C. Neoadjuvant therapies
- D. Elective lymph node dissection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Elective lymph node dissection. This is because elective lymph node dissection helps to remove potentially cancerous lymph nodes, aiding in staging and ensuring complete tumor removal, thus improving the chances of curative surgery. En bloc resection (A) is important but may not always be feasible in fixed tumors. Adjuvant therapies (B) are used after surgery, not as the primary approach. Neoadjuvant therapies (C) are given before surgery to shrink tumors, not specifically for fixed tumors.