Nokea
Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with
- A. shorter neonatal length
- B. lower birthweight
- C. changes in neonatal behavior
- D. neonatal diabetes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neonatal diabetes is not commonly associated with prenatal cigarette smoke exposure.
You may also like to solve these questions
Where is the best place to observe for the presence of petechiae in dark-skinned individuals?
- A. Face
- B. Buttocks TestBankWorld.org
- C. Oral mucosa
- D. Palms and soles
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Petechiae are small, pinpoint, red or purple spots on the skin caused by bleeding into the skin. In dark-skinned individuals, it can be challenging to visualize petechiae due to the pigmentation of the skin. However, one of the best places to observe for the presence of petechiae in dark-skinned individuals is the oral mucosa, specifically the inner lining of the mouth. The oral mucosa is usually lighter in color compared to the skin, making it easier to identify petechiae in this area. Palms and soles may also be a good place to observe for petechiae, but the oral mucosa is typically the preferred site for examination in dark-skinned individuals.
Mr. Mendres asks Nurse Rose what causes peptic ulcer to develop. Nurse Rose responds that recent research indicates that peptic ulcers are the result of which of the following?
- A. genetic defect in the gastric mucosa
- B. helicobacter pylori infection
- C. high fat diet
- D. work related stress
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Recent research suggests that the majority of peptic ulcers are caused by an infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria. This bacterium weakens the protective mucous coating of the stomach and duodenum, leading to damage from stomach acid. Genetic defects in the gastric mucosa, high fat diet, and work-related stress may exacerbate the condition but are not the primary cause of peptic ulcers. Therefore, the most likely cause based on current understanding is H. pylori infection.
A nurse is palpating a newborn's fontanels. The nurse documents the anterior fontanel is which shape?
- A. Circle
- B. Triangle
- C. Square
- D. Diamond
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The anterior fontanel, also known as the bregma, is the larger of the two fontanels located on the baby's skull. It is diamond-shaped, with the sutures meeting in the center to create a space that is soft and slightly depressed. While it is diamond-shaped when looking at the intersection of the sutures, when palpated or touched by a nurse, it often feels more circular due to the softness of the fontanel. It is important for nurses to monitor the fontanels for normal closure and development in newborns.
Which discharge instruction for a child with encopresis should the nurse question?
- A. Limit milk intake.
- B. Obtain a complete dietary log.
- C. Follow up with a child psychologist.
- D. Offer a diet high in protein.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A high-protein diet can worsen constipation; a high-fiber, balanced diet is preferable.
During starvation, the body slows metabolic processes and growth to minimize the need for nutrients. With the rapid reinstitution of feeding after starvation refeeding syndrome may occur. Of the following, the major changes that may occur with refeeding syndrome typically affect
- A. electrolytes
- B. serum proteins
- C. hormones
- D. liver enzymes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Refeeding syndrome primarily affects electrolytes, particularly phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium, which can become dangerously depleted due to rapid shifts in metabolism.