Nokea
Primary amenorrhea should be considered for any female adolescent who has not reached menarche by
- A. 13 years or has not done so within 3 years of thelarche
- B. 14 years or has not done so within 2 years of thelarche
- C. 14 years or has not done so within 3 years of thelarche
- D. 15 years or has not done so within 3 years of thelarche
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Primary amenorrhea is suspected if menarche has not occurred by age 15 or within 3 years of thelarche.
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Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a client with Addison's disease?
- A. Risk for infection
- B. Urinary retention
- C. Excessive fluid volume
- D. Hypothermia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Addison's disease is a condition characterized by adrenal insufficiency, resulting in a deficiency of aldosterone and cortisol. Without aldosterone, the body is unable to regulate fluid and electrolyte balance properly, leading to sodium loss and potassium retention. This imbalance can result in excessive fluid volume, as the kidneys retain water and sodium. Symptoms of excessive fluid volume in Addison's disease can include edema, weight gain, and hypertension. Therefore, the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for a client with Addison's disease would be Excessive Fluid Volume.
Which is descriptive of bulimia during adolescence?
- A. Strong sense of control over eating behavior
- B. Feelings of elation after the binge-purge cycle
- C. Profound lack of awareness that the eating pattern is abnormal
- D. Weight that can be normal, slightly above normal, or below normal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During adolescence, individuals with bulimia often have a profound lack of awareness that their eating pattern is abnormal. This lack of awareness can be attributed to various factors, such as societal pressures, distorted body image, and the normalization of disordered eating behaviors within their social circle. Adolescents with bulimia may not recognize their behaviors as problematic or may rationalize them as a means of coping with stress or controlling their weight. This lack of insight can make it challenging for them to seek help or receive proper treatment for their condition.
The baby with birth brachial plexus palsy (BBPP) will start with occupational or physical therapy at approximately
- A. 1 wk of age
- B. 2 wk of age
- C. 3 wk of age
- D. 4 wk of age
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Early intervention is critical for optimal recovery in BBPP. Therapy typically begins within the first week of life to prevent contractures and promote nerve regeneration.
the clinical manifestations of nephrosis include which of the following ?
- A. hematuria, bacteriuria, weight gain.
- B. gross hematuria, albuminuria, fever.
- C. hypertension, weight loss, proteinuria.
- D. massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nephrosis, also known as nephrotic syndrome, is characterized by the presence of massive proteinuria (excretion of more than 3.5 grams of protein in the urine per day), hypoalbuminemia (low levels of albumin in the blood), and edema (swelling due to fluid retention). These are the hallmark clinical manifestations of nephrosis. Proteinuria results from damage to the glomerular filtration barrier, leading to the loss of proteins, particularly albumin, in the urine. Hypoalbuminemia occurs due to the excessive loss of albumin in the urine, leading to reduced oncotic pressure in the bloodstream. Edema develops as a result of decreased oncotic pressure, which causes fluid to leak from the blood vessels into the tissues, especially in the lower extremities and around the eyes. Other common manifestations of nephrosis may include hyperlipidemia, lipid
All the following are Test results seen in JRA EXCEPT :
- A. Increase ESR
- B. Positive RF
- C. Positive IgM & IgG
- D. Positive CA 9
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), previously known as Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA), is a chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects children. In JIA, common test results include an increase in ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate), positive RF (Rheumatoid Factor), and positive IgM & IgG antibodies. However, a positive CA 9 result is not typically associated with JRA. CA 9 (Carbonic Anhydrase 9) is not a commonly used marker for diagnosing or monitoring JIA, so it would not be expected to be seen in test results for this condition.