Nokea
Priority Decision: Before selecting a weight reduction plan with an obese patient
- A. what is most important for the nurse to first assess?
- B. The patient's motivation to lose weight
- C. The length of time that the patient has been obese
- D. Whether financial considerations will affect the patient's choices
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Assessing anthropometric measures helps to understand the severity of obesity and provide baseline data for weight loss goals.
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A patient with ulcerative colitis undergoes the first phase of a total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch and anal anastomosis. On postoperative assessment of the patient, what should the nurse expect to find?
- A. A rectal tube set to low continuous suction
- B. A loop ileostomy with a plastic rod to hold it in place
- C. A colostomy stoma with an NG tube in place to provide pouch irrigations
- D. A permanent ileostomy stoma in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the first phase of a total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch and anal anastomosis, a loop ileostomy is created to divert stool while the pouch heals.
Diseases that reduce pancreatic enzyme secretions do NOT usually decrease the digestion and absorption of:
- A. Animal proteins
- B. Plant proteins
- C. Plant lipids
- D. Sucrose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sucrose. Diseases that reduce pancreatic enzyme secretions typically do not affect the digestion and absorption of sucrose because sucrose is primarily broken down in the small intestine by sucrase, an enzyme produced by the intestinal lining, not the pancreas. Animal proteins (choice A) and plant proteins (choice B) require pancreatic enzymes like trypsin and chymotrypsin for digestion; plant lipids (choice C) require pancreatic lipase for digestion. Therefore, choices A, B, and C would be affected by reduced pancreatic enzyme secretions, unlike sucrose.
The nurse needs to administer feedings to a client who has diarrhea due to gastroenteritis. Which of the following factors should the nurse consider?
- A. Administer feedings at room temperature
- B. Administer cold feedings
- C. Administer bolus feedings
- D. Administer intermittent feedings
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Room temperature feedings reduce gastric irritation, which can help prevent worsening diarrhea.
Which of the following is not a function of saliva:
- A. Helps in articulation.
- B. Helps in swallowing.
- C. Helps in dental caries by increasing acidity of oral cavity.
- D. Kills microorganisms by lysozymes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because saliva does not help in dental caries by increasing acidity; in fact, saliva helps neutralize acids and remineralize teeth. A: Saliva does help in articulation by lubricating the mouth. B: Saliva helps in swallowing by moistening food. D: Saliva contains lysozymes that kill microorganisms, aiding in oral hygiene.
In the tunica mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine, a series of folds called the ______ functions to ______.
- A. plicae circulares; increase surface area
- B. villi; increase surface area
- C. microvilli; allow the small intestine to expand
- D. rugae; allow the small intestine to expand
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: plicae circulares; increase surface area. Plicae circulares are circular folds in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption. They help in maximizing contact with digested food. Villi and microvilli are structures on the surface of the small intestine that further increase surface area for absorption but are not the folds themselves. Rugae are folds found in the stomach, not the small intestine.