Nokea
Professional nursing expands and grows because of factors driven by the changing needs of health care consumers. Which of the following is a factor that nurses should reflect in the planning and provision of health care?
- A. Decreased access to health care information by individuals
- B. Gradual increases in the cultural unity of the American population
- C. Increasing mean and median age of the American population
- D. Decreasing consumer expectations related to health care outcomes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The decline in birth rate and the increase in lifespan due to improved health care have resulted in fewer school-age children and more senior citizens, many of whom are women. The population has become more culturally diverse as increasing numbers of people from different national backgrounds enter the country. Access to information and consumer expectations continue to increase.
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Advanced practice nursing roles have grown in number and in visibility in recent years. What characteristic sets these nurses apart from the registered nurse?
- A. Collaboration with other health care providers
- B. Education that goes beyond that of the RN
- C. Advanced documentation skills
- D. Ability to provide care in the surgical context
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: There is wide variety in APRN roles. However, a commonality is that they require education beyond that of the professional RN. All nurses collaborate with other health care providers to provide nursing care to their patients. Advanced documentation skills are not what sets advanced practice nurses apart from the staff nurse. RNs have the ability to provide care in the operating room.
CNPs are educated as specialists in areas such as family care, pediatrics, or geriatrics. In most states, what right do CNPs have that RNs do not possess?
- A. Perform health interventions independently
- B. Make referrals to members of other health disciplines
- C. Prescribe medications
- D. Perform surgery independently
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In most states, nurse practitioners have prescriptive authority. Surgery is beyond the CNP scope of practice and all professional nurses may perform interventions and make certain referrals.
Nursing continues to recognize and participate in collaboration with other health care disciplines to meet the complex needs of the patient. Which of the following is the best example of a collaborative practice model?
- A. The nurse and the physician jointly making clinical decisions.
- B. The nurse accompanying the physician on rounds.
- C. The nurse making a referral on behalf of the patient.
- D. The nurse attending an appointment with the patient.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The collaborative model, or a variation of it, promotes shared participation, responsibility, and accountability in a health care environment that is striving to meet the complex health care needs of the public. The other answers are incorrect because they are not examples of a collaborative practice model.
A public health nurse has been commissioned to draft a health promotion program that meets the health care needs and expectations of the community. Which of the following focuses is most likely to influence the nurses choice of interventions?
- A. Management of chronic conditions and disability
- B. Increasing need for self-care among a younger population
- C. A shifting focus to disease management
- D. An increasing focus on acute conditions and rehabilitation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In response to current priorities, health care must focus more on management of chronic conditions and disability than in previous times. The other answers are incorrect because the change in focus of health care is not an increasing need for self-care among our aging population; our focus is shifting away from disease management, not toward it; and we are moving away from the management of acute conditions to managing chronic conditions.
With increases in longevity, people have had to become more knowledgeable about their health and the professional health care that they receive. One outcome of this phenomenon is the development of organized self-care education programs. Which of the following do these programs prioritize?
- A. Adequate prenatal care
- B. Government advocacy and lobbying
- C. Judicious use of online communities
- D. Management of illness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Organized self-care education programs emphasize health promotion, disease prevention, management of illness, self-care, and judicious use of the professional health care system. Prenatal care, lobbying, and Internet activities are secondary.