Nokea
Proteins found in muscle fibres include:
- A. Vimentin
- B. Saccharin
- C. Keratin
- D. Desmin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Desmin: Desmin is an intermediate filament protein found in muscle fibers, playing a critical role in maintaining structural integrity and organization within muscle cells.
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An older adult woman with a long history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted with progressive shortness of breath and a persistent cough. She is anxious and is complaining of a dry mouth. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Administer a prescribed sedative
- B. Encourage client to drink water
- C. Apply a high-flow venturi mask
- D. Assist her to an upright position
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An upright position improves lung expansion and oxygenation, which is crucial for a client with COPD.
Which of the following statements is true regarding Glasgow coma scale (GCS) in children?
- A. The scale is validated as a prognostic scoring system in children and young infants
- B. Patients with GCS < or = 8 require aggressive management
- C. All patients with GCS < or = 5 should be intubated and mechanically ventilated
- D. It is useful in children to assess the neurological, circulatory and cardiac status
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Patients with a GCS of 8 or less require aggressive management, as this indicates severe brain injury and potential airway compromise.
The following are causes of cyanosis in the presence of 60% oxygen:
- A. Haemoglobin concentration < 5 g%
- B. Methaemoglobinaemia
- C. Thalassaemia
- D. Right to left shunt
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A right-to-left shunt can cause cyanosis even in the presence of high oxygen levels. Methaemoglobinaemia and severe anemia (Hb < 5 g%) can also cause cyanosis.
All of the following are true about a small VSD EXCEPT
- A. spontaneous closure is more common in muscular vs. membranous defects
- B. closure usually occurs in the first 2 years of life
- C. there is no risk of endocarditis
- D. pulmonary pressures are normal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Even small VSDs carry a risk of endocarditis until they close.
Which is the most common causative agent of bacterial endocarditis?
- A. Staphylococcus albus
- B. Streptococcus hemolyticus
- C. Staphylococcus albicans
- D. Streptococcus viridans
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: S. viridans is the most common causative agent in bacterial (infective) endocarditis.