Nokea
Providing information about diet & exercise for a healthy diabetic client is best described as which nursing activity?
- A. Promoting wellness
- B. Preventing illness
- C. Treating disease
- D. Restoring health
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Promoting wellness. Providing information about diet and exercise for a healthy diabetic client falls under promoting wellness because it focuses on proactive measures to maintain health and prevent complications. It aims to empower the client to make healthy lifestyle choices.
B: Preventing illness is not the best description as the client is already diabetic, so the focus is on managing the condition rather than solely preventing it.
C: Treating disease is not accurate because the client is already diabetic and the goal is not to treat the disease, but rather manage it effectively.
D: Restoring health is not applicable in this scenario as the client is not in a state of compromised health that needs to be restored.
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Which common cognitive impairment is often mistaken for normal aging in older adults?
- A. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
- B. Alzheimer's disease
- C. Dementia with Lewy bodies
- D. Vascular dementia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MCI is often mistaken for normal aging because it involves subtle changes in memory and thinking abilities that are beyond what is expected for age but not severe enough to be classified as dementia. Individuals with MCI may experience forgetfulness or difficulty with complex tasks, which can be misconstrued as typical age-related changes. Alzheimer's disease (B), dementia with Lewy bodies (C), and vascular dementia (D) are all forms of dementia characterized by more significant cognitive decline and functional impairment compared to MCI, making them less likely to be confused with normal aging.
An older women tells the nurse that her husband seldom brushes his teeth as he did in the past. A reason why older clients stop participating in daily oral hygiene, such as brushing the teeth, include:
- A. Decreased manual dexterity and inability to hold a tooth brush
- B. Malocclusion of teeth
- C. Decrease in taste acuity
- D. Lack of dental insurance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased manual dexterity and inability to hold a toothbrush. As people age, they may experience decreased hand strength and motor skills, making it difficult to hold and manipulate objects like a toothbrush. This can lead to a decline in oral hygiene practices. Malocclusion of teeth (B) does not directly impact the ability to brush teeth. Decrease in taste acuity (C) may affect appetite but not tooth brushing habits. Lack of dental insurance (D) is a financial barrier and may affect access to dental care, but it does not directly impact the physical ability to brush teeth.
In treating depression in older adults, which of the following is considered the most effective treatment modality?
- A. Long-term pharmacological therapy with SSRIs
- B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) combined with antidepressant medications
- C. Antidepressant medications alone
- D. Psychodynamic therapy to address unresolved issues from early life
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) combined with antidepressant medications, for treating depression in older adults. CBT helps address negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with depression, while antidepressant medications provide physiological support. Combining both approaches has been shown to be more effective than either treatment alone in older adults.
A: Long-term pharmacological therapy with SSRIs may have side effects and limited effectiveness in older adults.
C: Antidepressant medications alone may not address the underlying psychological factors contributing to depression.
D: Psychodynamic therapy may not be as effective in older adults as it focuses on unresolved issues from early life rather than targeting current depressive symptoms.
The home care nurse is performing an environmental assessment in the home of an older adult. Which of the following requires immediate nursing action?
- A. Unsecured scattered rugs
- B. Operable smoke detector
- C. Prefilled medication cassette
- D. Unsecured scattered rugs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Unsecured scattered rugs. This requires immediate nursing action as it poses a significant fall risk for the older adult. Rugs can cause tripping hazards, leading to potential injuries. The nurse should secure or remove the rugs to ensure the safety of the patient.
Summary of other choices:
B: Operable smoke detector - While important for safety, it does not require immediate nursing action as it is already in working condition.
C: Prefilled medication cassette - This is not an immediate safety concern and can be addressed during routine medication management.
D: Unsecured scattered rugs (repeated) - This choice is the same as the correct answer, so it is incorrect.
The holistic health movement has impacted health care in which of the following ways?
- A. It has focused health care on disease prevention.
- B. It has reshaped how health and health care are perceived.
- C. It has improved access to health care.
- D. It has introduced numerous alternative modalities into health care.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the holistic health movement emphasizes treating the whole person - mind, body, and spirit. This shifts the focus from merely treating symptoms to considering individual well-being and lifestyle factors. Choice A is not the best answer because while disease prevention is part of holistic health, it is not the primary impact on health care. Choice C is incorrect as the movement does not directly improve access to health care. Choice D is also incorrect as while alternative modalities are part of holistic health, they are not the main impact on health care.