Nokea
Pulmonary edema is characterized by:
- A. Elevated left ventricular and-diastolic
- B. Increased hydrostatic pressure
- C. All of the above alterations
- D. A rise in pulmonary venous pressure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Pulmonary edema is caused by increased hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary circulation.
2. Elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure signifies heart failure, a common cause of pulmonary edema.
3. A rise in pulmonary venous pressure is a consequence of increased hydrostatic pressure.
Therefore, all three alterations (A, B, D) are characteristic of pulmonary edema. Option C is correct. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they are all individually associated with pulmonary edema and collectively represent the condition.
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A nurse is developing a care plan. Which intervention is most appropriate for the nursing diagnostic statement Risk for loneliness related to impaired verbal communication?
- A. Provide the patient with a writing board each shift.
- B. Obtain an interpreter for the patient as soon as possible.
- C. Assist the patient in performing swallowing exercises each shift.
- D. Ask the family to provide a sitter to remain with the patient at all times.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide the patient with a writing board each shift. This intervention addresses the impaired verbal communication by offering an alternative way for the patient to communicate. Writing board enables the patient to express thoughts and feelings, reducing the risk of loneliness. Choice B doesn't directly address the communication issue. Choice C is not relevant to the nursing diagnosis. Choice D, while promoting companionship, doesn't address the specific communication concern stated in the diagnosis.
Charles is started on chemotherapy, which is aimed at restoring dopaminergic activities. An example of such a drug is:
- A. Artane
- B. Elavil
- C. Benadryl
- D. Dopar
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Dopar. Dopar is a drug that increases dopamine levels by converting into dopamine in the brain. This directly restores dopaminergic activities. Artane (A) is an anticholinergic used for Parkinson's symptoms, Elavil (B) is a tricyclic antidepressant, and Benadryl (C) is an antihistamine, none of which directly target dopaminergic activities like Dopar does.
The nurse is instructing a premenopausal woman about breast self-examination. The nurse should tell the client to do her self-examination:
- A. at the end of her menstrual cycle
- B. on the 1st day of the menstrual cycle
- C. on the same day each month
- D. immediately after her menstrual period
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C - The nurse should tell the client to do her self-examination on the same day each month to establish a routine, making it easier to remember and detect any changes. This consistency helps in early detection of abnormalities.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Doing it at the end of the menstrual cycle may not be consistent due to varying cycle lengths.
B: Doing it on the 1st day of the menstrual cycle may not be practical and could lead to missing potential abnormalities.
D: Doing it immediately after her menstrual period may not provide a consistent schedule for self-examination.
A client with rheumatoid arthritis is being discharged with a prescription for aspirin (Ecotrin), 600mg PO every 6 hours. The nurse should instruct the client to notify the physician if which adverse drug reaction occurs?
- A. Dysuria
- B. Tinnitus
- C. Leg cramps
- D. Constipation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tinnitus. Aspirin can cause tinnitus (ringing in the ears) as an adverse drug reaction, which can indicate potential ototoxicity. Tinnitus is an important side effect that should be reported promptly to the physician to prevent further auditory complications. Dysuria (A), leg cramps (C), and constipation (D) are not typically associated with aspirin use and are less urgent compared to tinnitus. Reporting these side effects may still be necessary but are not as critical as tinnitus in this scenario.
Which of the following BP changes alerts the nurse to increasing ICP, and should be reported immediately?
- A. Gradual increase
- B. Widening pulse pressure
- C. Rapid drop followed by gradual increase
- D. Rapid fluctuations
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Widening pulse pressure. This indicates increasing intracranial pressure (ICP) as it signifies a significant difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. A widening pulse pressure is a key sign of impending herniation and requires immediate intervention.
A: Gradual increase does not provide a clear indication of acute changes in ICP.
C: Rapid drop followed by gradual increase may suggest other conditions and is not specific to increasing ICP.
D: Rapid fluctuations may occur in various scenarios and do not specifically point to increasing ICP.
In summary, a widening pulse pressure is the most critical and specific indicator of increasing ICP among the choices provided.