Nokea
Radical abdominal hysterectomy involves the removal of which structure(s)?
- A. uterus and vagina
- B. uterus and fallopian tubes
- C. uterus and ovaries
- D. uterus, ovaries,ligaments and fallopian tubes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Radical abdominal hysterectomy involves the removal of the uterus, ovaries, ligaments (including round ligaments and uterosacral ligaments), and fallopian tubes. This extensive procedure is typically done for cases of invasive gynecologic cancers, most commonly cervical or ovarian cancer. The goal of radical hysterectomy is to remove as much of the cancerous tissue as possible to improve the chances of successful treatment and reduce the risk of cancer recurrence.
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An EMT approaches an accident victim. The victim says, "Don't touch me!" The EMT says, you need help, but the victim replies NO! don't touch me. If the EMT takes the victim by the arm and forces the victim into the ambulance, the EMT could be guilty of:
- A. Battery
- B. Negligence
- C. Malpractice
- D. Assault
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Battery refers to the intentional and offensive physical contact with another person without their consent, resulting in harm or injury. In this scenario, the victim clearly expressed their unwillingness to be touched or helped by saying, "Don't touch me!" multiple times. By ignoring the victim's refusal and physically forcing them into the ambulance, the EMT is committing battery even though they may have had good intentions to provide assistance. It is important for medical professionals, including EMTs, to always respect a person's right to refuse medical treatment or assistance, even in emergency situations.
A patient presents with central obesity, moon face, buffalo hump, and purple striae. Laboratory tests reveal elevated cortisol levels. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Hyperthyroidism
- B. Hypothyroidism
- C. Diabetes mellitus
- D. Cushing's syndrome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient's presentation of central obesity, moon face, buffalo hump, purple striae, and elevated cortisol levels strongly suggest Cushing's syndrome. Cushing's syndrome is a disorder characterized by excessive levels of cortisol, either due to an endogenous (e.g., adrenal tumor) or exogenous (e.g., prolonged steroid use) source. The classic physical features of Cushing's syndrome include central obesity with thin extremities (truncal obesity), moon face (rounding and reddening of the face), buffalo hump (accumulation of fat between the shoulders), and purple striae (stretch marks that are wide and purple in color). In the context of the elevated cortisol levels, these clinical signs are highly indicative of Cushing's syndrome. Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and diabetes mellitus would not typically present with the specific combination of symptoms described.
During theh history taking, which of the following is the MOST common symptom of Scabies that the family would report to Nurse Emma?
- A. Rashes
- B. Scaling
- C. Swelling
- D. Itchiness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most common symptom of scabies that the family would report to Nurse Emma is itchiness. Scabies is a contagious skin condition caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, which burrows into the skin and lays eggs, leading to intense itching, especially at night. The itching is a result of the body's allergic reaction to the mites and their waste products. While rashes, scaling, and swelling can also occur with scabies, the hallmark and most bothersome symptom experienced by individuals with scabies is the intense itchiness, making it the most common symptom reported by affected individuals or their families during the history-taking process.
A patient presents with progressive weakness, muscle atrophy, and fasciculations, primarily involving the upper and lower extremities. Over time, the patient develops dysphagia and dysarthria. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Parkinson's disease
- B. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)
- C. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- D. Myasthenia gravis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The symptoms described, including progressive weakness, muscle atrophy, fasciculations, dysphagia, and dysarthria primarily involving the upper and lower extremities, are classic features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy. As the disease progresses, patients may develop difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and speaking (dysarthria). In contrast, Parkinson's disease primarily involves movement-related symptoms such as tremors, muscle stiffness, and slow movements. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy that typically presents with ascending weakness and sensory abnormalities, often preceded by an infection. Myasthenia gravis is characterized by muscle weakness exacerbated by
A postpartum client complains of perineal pain and discomfort. What nursing intervention should be prioritized to provide relief?
- A. Encouraging ambulation
- B. Administering ice packs to the perineum
- C. Providing oral analgesics as needed
- D. Recommending warm sitz baths
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Administering ice packs to the perineum is the priority nursing intervention to provide relief for perineal pain and discomfort in a postpartum client. Ice packs help to reduce swelling and inflammation in the perineal area, which can help alleviate pain. It is a safe and effective method to provide immediate relief and promote comfort for the client. Other interventions such as encouraging ambulation, administering analgesics, and recommending warm sitz baths can also be beneficial, but in the initial management of perineal pain, ice packs are the most appropriate choice.