Nokea
Rare causes of bloody diarrhoea include:
- A. Campylobacter infection
- B. Peutz-Jegher's syndrome
- C. Enterotoxigenic E. coli
- D. Crohn's disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rare causes of bloody diarrhoea include conditions like Peutz-Jegher's syndrome which is a genetic disorder causing polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. Campylobacter Shigella and Enterotoxigenic E. coli are common causes of infectious diarrhoea while Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition.
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Concerning Ebstein-Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis):
- A. Presence of petechiae between the hard and soft palate supports the diagnosis
- B. Typically a rash following administration of penicillin V occurs
- C. Guillain-Barre syndrome is a recognised sequel
- D. Hepatitis is common
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Petechiae between the hard and soft palate are a classic sign of infectious mononucleosis. A rash following penicillin V is also common, and Guillain-Barre syndrome is a rare complication.
The clinic nurse reviews the record of a child just seen by the health care provider and diagnosed with suspected aortic stenosis. The nurse expects to note documentation of which clinical manifestation specifically found in this disorder?
- A. Pallor
- B. Hyperactivity
- C. Exercise intolerance
- D. Gastrointestinal disturbances
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exercise intolerance is a common clinical manifestation of aortic stenosis due to the heart's inability to pump sufficient blood during increased physical activity.
The nurse is caring for a child who has undergone a cardiac catheterization. During recovery, the nurse notices the dressing is saturated with bright red blood. The nurse's first action is to:
- A. Call the interventional cardiologist
- B. Notify the cardiac catheterization laboratory that the child will be returning
- C. Apply a bulky pressure dressing over the present dressing
- D. Apply direct pressure 1 inch above the puncture site
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Direct pressure above the puncture site helps control bleeding by localizing pressure over the vessel.
The following are true of vitamin K:
- A. It is a water-soluble vitamin
- B. It is found mainly in red meat
- C. After infancy most is synthesised by the gut flora
- D. Low levels after birth may lead to intracerebral haemorrhage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin K is synthesized by gut flora after infancy. It is a fat-soluble vitamin, and low levels after birth can lead to hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
A parent brings a toddler, age 19 months, to the clinic for a regular check-up. When palpating the toddler’s fontanels, what should the nurse expects to find?
- A. Closed anterior fontanel and open posterior fontanel
- B. Open anterior and fontanel and closed posterior fontanel
- C. Closed anterior and posterior fontanels
- D. Open anterior and posterior fontanels
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: By 19 months, both the anterior and posterior fontanels should be closed as the skull bones have fused.