Nokea
The following are true statements:
- A. Tissue plasminogen activator is derived from endothelium
- B. Heparin acts through antithrombin III
- C. Protein C deficiency is autosomal recessive transmitted
- D. Protein C is vitamin K dependent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Heparin acts through antithrombin III: Heparin enhances the activity of antithrombin III, which inhibits thrombin and other clotting factors, helping prevent clot formation.
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All the following are correct about left ventricular assist device implantation, except
- A. LA pressure is reduced more than RA pressure
- B. A PFO/small ASD is created following LVAD implantation for decompressing LA
- C. Right to left shunting at atrial level can produce systemic desaturation
- D. RV failure is a bad prognostic marker
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A PFO/small ASD is not typically created following LVAD implantation.
Which statement by a parent of an infant with congestive heart failure (CHF) who is being sent home on digoxin indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will give the medication at regular 12-hour intervals.
- B. If he vomits, I will not give a make-up dose.
- C. If I miss a dose, I will not give an extra dose.
- D. I will mix the digoxin in some formula to make it taste better.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mixing digoxin with formula can lead to incomplete ingestion and inadequate dosing. Digoxin must be given in its entirety at the prescribed times.
A 6-month-old presents with tachycardia, tachypnea, and poor feeding for 3 months. Physical examination reveals a continuous machinery murmur and a wide pulse pressure with a prominent apical impulse. The most likely diagnosis is
- A. pulmonic stenosis
- B. aortic stenosis
- C. ventricular septal defect
- D. patent ductus arteriosus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patent ductus arteriosus causes a continuous machinery murmur and wide pulse pressure.
The nurse is caring for a child with cystic fibrosis. Which intervention is most important when the child is hospitalized with a respiratory infection?
- A. Administer prescribed antibiotics as soon as possible.
- B. Increase fluid intake to help thin mucus.
- C. Provide respiratory treatments and postural drainage.
- D. Encourage high-calorie, high-protein meals.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Respiratory treatments and postural drainage are critical to help clear mucus from the lungs in children with cystic fibrosis, especially during respiratory infections.
In which congenital heart defect (CHD) would the nurse need to take upper and lower extremity BPs?
- A. Transposition of the great vessels
- B. Aortic stenosis (AS)
- C. Coarctation of the aorta (COA)
- D. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: COA causes increased blood pressure and strong pulses in the upper extremities with lower-than-expected BP and weak pulses in the lower extremities.