Nokea
Reading Disorder is a developmental disorder and is characterised by reading achievement (e.g. accuracy, speed and comprehension) being significantly below standards expected for which of the following
- A. Chronological age
- B. IQ
- C. Schooling experience.
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reading Disorder: A specific learning disability characterised by the accuracy, speed and comprehension of reading being significantly below standards expected for chronological age and IQ.
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The nurse is explaining to the family of a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia that the disorder is considered to have neurobiological origins. When the patient's mother asks, 'What part of the brain is dysfunctional?' the nurse should reply, 'Research has implicated the:
- A. medulla and cortex.'
- B. cerebellum and cerebrum.'
- C. hypothalamus and medulla.'
- D. prefrontal and limbic cortices.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: prefrontal and limbic cortices. The prefrontal cortex is involved in decision-making, problem-solving, and social behavior, functions that are often impaired in schizophrenia. The limbic cortex is responsible for emotions and memory, both of which are affected in schizophrenia. Research has shown abnormalities in these brain regions in individuals with schizophrenia, supporting the neurobiological origins of the disorder. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not specifically address the brain regions known to be involved in schizophrenia.
A patient with borderline personality disorder has been hospitalized several times after self-injurious behavior and suicide attempts. The patient has entered dialectical behavior therapy on an outpatient basis. During therapy, the advanced practice nurse has been counseling her regarding self-harm behavior management. Today the patient called the nurse and reported 'feeling empty and anxious' and wants to cut herself. Which response would best help in this situation?
- A. Arrange for an emergency admission to a crisis unit.
- B. Arrange for an emergency admission to an inpatient unit.
- C. Assist the patient to identify and choose a coping strategy.
- D. Advise the patient to take an anxiolytic, then go to sleep.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct response is C: Assist the patient to identify and choose a coping strategy. This choice is the best because it involves helping the patient develop healthy coping mechanisms to manage her distress. This empowers the patient to take control of her emotions and actions in a positive way. Emergency admissions (choices A and B) may not address the underlying issues and could potentially reinforce maladaptive behaviors. Advising medication (choice D) without addressing the emotional distress directly may not provide long-term solutions. In summary, choice C focuses on empowering the patient and addressing the root of the problem, making it the most appropriate response in this scenario.
Delusional thinking is characteristic of
- A. psychosis
- B. obsessive-compulsive disorder
- C. conversion disorder
- D. fugue
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Delusions are a hallmark of psychosis, indicating a break from reality.
A 10-year-old boy presents with a history of central abdominal pain of a few hours' duration. On examination he has minimal tenderness in the right iliac fossa and no abnormal findings on rectal examination. Which of the following alternatives should be carried out?
- A. Arrange a barium meal follow through.
- B. Arrange to see the patient later on in the day for review.
- C. Send the patient away with instructions to return if the pain becomes worse.
- D. Tell the patient to come back in a week.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Early appendicitis can present subtly. Minimal right iliac fossa tenderness warrants observation, so reviewing later (B) is appropriate. Imaging (A), dismissal (C, D), or immediate surgery (E) without further assessment are not justified yet.
A nurse is providing care for a patient with anorexia nervosa who has refused to eat. What is the nurse's priority intervention?
- A. Provide a structured meal plan and encourage the patient to eat.
- B. Allow the patient to skip meals to avoid overwhelming them.
- C. Focus on addressing body image concerns before eating.
- D. Monitor the patient's weight closely without intervention.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide a structured meal plan and encourage the patient to eat. This is the priority intervention because patients with anorexia nervosa often have a distorted perception of their body and food intake. By providing a structured meal plan, the nurse can help the patient establish a healthy eating routine. Encouraging the patient to eat is crucial to prevent further malnutrition and complications.
Choice B is incorrect because allowing the patient to skip meals can worsen their condition and reinforce unhealthy behaviors. Choice C is incorrect because addressing body image concerns should be done in conjunction with addressing the patient's nutritional needs. Choice D is incorrect because monitoring weight without intervening to address the underlying issue of refusal to eat is not sufficient in managing anorexia nervosa.