Nokea
Recognised causes of stroke in children include:
- A. Sickle cell disease
- B. Cystinuria
- C. SLE
- D. Left-to-right shunts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sickle cell disease can cause stroke in children due to the sickled cells blocking blood flow to the brain.
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A 15-year-old female reports fainting at school in class on two occasions. The adolescent's orthostatic blood pressures are normal. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner suspects a cardiac cause for these episodes and will order which tests before referring her to a pediatric cardiologist?
- A. 12-lead electrocardiogram
- B. Echocardiogram
- C. Tilt table testing
- D. Treadmill exercise testing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A 12-lead ECG is useful for initial evaluation.
A client with draining skin lesions of the lower extremity is admitted with possible Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). Which nursing interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Institute contact precautions for staff and visitors.
- B. Send wound drainage for culture and sensitivity.
- C. Monitor the client's white blood cell count.
- D. Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics before obtaining cultures.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: MRSA requires contact precautions to prevent spread, culture and sensitivity testing is necessary to identify the specific organism, and WBC count should be monitored to assess for infection.
Complement system:
- A. Is activated by bacterial endotoxins by the classical pathway
- B. Reduced C3 and C4 are usual findings in acute glomerulonephritis
- C. Hereditary angioneurotic oedema is caused by deficiency of one of the components of the classical pathway of the system
- D. Is part of humoral immunity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The complement system is a key component of humoral immunity, playing a role in the immune response to pathogens.
Distal occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery may produce:
- A. Contralateral hemiplegia
- B. Homonymous hemianopia
- C. Dysarthria
- D. Cerebellar ataxia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Homonymous hemianopia is a classic finding in posterior cerebral artery occlusion. Hemiplegia, dysarthria, and ataxia are not typical.
Childhood schizophrenia is suggested by:
- A. Disturbance in movement patterns
- B. Persistent thumb sucking
- C. Hallucinations
- D. Infantile autism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hallucinations are a key feature of childhood schizophrenia. Movement disturbances and thumb sucking are nonspecific, and infantile autism is a separate condition.