Nokea
Recognised diagnoses of tender scrotal swelling in infancy include:
- A. Inguinal hernia
- B. Epididymo-orchitis
- C. Breech delivery
- D. Torsion of testis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Torsion of the testis is a medical emergency and a common cause of tender scrotal swelling in infancy. Inguinal hernia and epididymo-orchitis are also possible but less urgent. Breech delivery is unrelated.
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy:
- A. Has an association with malignant hyperpyrexia
- B. Is a reason for never running properly
- C. Is better diagnosed with muscle biopsy than gene probe
- D. Is associated with speech delay
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is associated with speech delay due to progressive muscle weakness, including facial muscles affecting speech.
Obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a pediatric surgical emergency because
- A. therapy is usually not effective
- B. severe pulmonary congestion
- C. left atrium may be small
- D. left ventricle may be small
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Obstructed TAPVR requires immediate surgical intervention due to severe pulmonary congestion.
A 3-year-old child with a fever and sore throat is most likely to have:
- A. Coxsackievirus infection
- B. Tonsillitis
- C. Scarlet fever
- D. Measles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tonsillitis is a common cause of fever and sore throat in young children and may be viral or bacterial in origin.
Which finding would alert a nurse that a hospitalized 6-year-old child is at risk for a severe asthma exacerbation?
- A. Oxygen saturation of 95%
- B. Mild work of breathing
- C. Absence of intercostals or substernal retractions
- D. History of steroid-dependent asthma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A history of steroid-dependent asthma indicates severe asthma, increasing the risk of a life-threatening exacerbation.
An adult male client is admitted for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) secondary to AIDS. While hospitalized, he receives IV pentamidine isethionate therapy. In preparing this client for discharge, what important aspect regarding his medication therapy should the nurse explain?
- A. IV pentamidine may offer protection to other AIDS-related conditions, such as Kaposi's sarcoma
- B. It will be necessary to continue prophylactic doses of IV or aerosol pentamidine every month
- C. IV pentamidine will be given until oral pentamidine can be tolerated
- D. AZT (Azidothymidine) therapy must be stopped when IV or aerosol pentamidine is being used.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prophylactic doses of pentamidine are necessary to prevent PCP recurrence and other AIDS-related infections.