Nokea
Recurrent Neisserial meningitis in children is suggestive of deficiency of ----- complement.
- A. C3
- B. C4
- C. C8
- D. All
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Recurrent Neisserial meningitis is suggestive of a deficiency in the terminal complement components, particularly C8, which is crucial for bacterial lysis.
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Through what does the infant born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome acquire oxygenated blood?
- A. The patent ductus arteriosus
- B. A ventricular septal defect
- C. The closure of the foramen ovale
- D. An atrial septal defect
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Because the right side of the heart must take over pumping blood to both the lungs and systemic circulation, the ductus arteriosus must remain open to shunt the oxygenated blood from the lungs.
The differential diagnosis of the patient includes all of the following EXCEPT
- A. rheumatic fever
- B. SLE
- C. chronic atrial fibrillation
- D. postmeningococcal immune complexes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic atrial fibrillation is unlikely in an 8-year-old with acute onset symptoms.
A nurse assesses an older adult client who is experiencing a myocardial infarction. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect?
- A. Excruciating pain on inspiration
- B. Left lateral chest wall pain
- C. Disorientation and confusion
- D. Numbness and tingling of the arm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Older adults may present with atypical symptoms of myocardial infarction, such as confusion or disorientation, rather than classic chest pain.
Type I renal tubular acidosis:
- A. Only occurs in children
- B. Is caused by a failure of ammonium ion secretion
- C. Is associated with renal calcification
- D. Typically leads to hypovolaemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type I renal tubular acidosis is characterized by a failure in ammonium ion secretion, leading to a failure to acidify urine, which can result in metabolic acidosis.
Defects of complement system should be suspected in:
- A. Recurrent folliculitis
- B. Facial swelling following trauma
- C. Recurrent meningococcal infection
- D. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Recurrent meningococcal infection: Defects in the complement system, especially the terminal complement components, increase the risk of recurrent meningococcal infections.