Nokea
Recurrent pneumonia is defined in children as having a frequency of episodes more than or equal to
- A. 2 episodes in 6 months
- B. 2 episodes in one year
- C. 3 episodes ever without radiographic clearance
- D. 4 episodes ever with radiographic clearance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Recurrent pneumonia in children is defined as having 2 or more episodes in 6 months, indicating a pattern of frequent infections.
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A chest radiograph film is ordered for a child with suspected cardiac problems. The child’s parent asks the nurse, “What will the radiograph show about the heart?†What knowledge about the x-ray should the nurse include in the response to the parents?
- A. Bones of chest but not the heart
- B. Measurement of electrical potential generated from heart muscle
- C. Permanent record of heart size and configuration
- D. Computerized image of heart vessels and tissues
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A chest radiograph will provide information on the heart size and pulmonary blood-flow patterns. It will provide a baseline for future comparisons. The heart will be visible, as well as the sternum and ribs. Electrocardiography (ECG) measures the electrical potential generated from heart muscle. Echocardiography will produce a computerized image of the heart vessels and tissues by using sound waves.
Features of severe folate deficiency include:
- A. Steatorrhoea
- B. Glossitis
- C. Leucoerythroblastic picture
- D. Increased total iron binding capacity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glossitis, or inflammation of the tongue, is a common feature of folate deficiency due to its role in cell division and growth.
All the following are correct about left ventricular assist device implantation, except
- A. LA pressure is reduced more than RA pressure
- B. A PFO/small ASD is created following LVAD implantation for decompressing LA
- C. Right to left shunting at atrial level can produce systemic desaturation
- D. RV failure is a bad prognostic marker
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A PFO/small ASD is not typically created following LVAD implantation.
Usual indications for an exchange transfusion in a child with sickle cell disease include:
- A. Painful vaso-occlusive crisis
- B. Splenic sequestration crisis
- C. Acute chest syndrome
- D. Dactylitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acute chest syndrome, a severe complication of sickle cell disease, often requires exchange transfusion to reduce the proportion of sickle hemoglobin and improve oxygenation.
A hospitalized client with chemotherapy-induced stomatitis complains of mouth pain. What is the best initial nursing action?
- A. Encourage frequent mouth care
- B. Cleanse the tongue and mouth with glycerin swabs
- C. Obtain a soft diet for the client
- D. Administer a topical analgesic per PRN protocol.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Administering a topical analgesic provides immediate pain relief, allowing the client to tolerate mouth care and other interventions.