Nokea
recurrent urinary tract infection in children cause:
- A. arthritis
- B. recurrent rash
- C. growth disturbance
- D. behavioral disturbances
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children can potentially cause growth disturbance. UTIs in children can result in poor weight gain, failure to thrive, and reduced height due to the stress and inflammatory response on the body. Chronic inflammation from recurrent UTIs can affect a child's overall health and development, leading to growth disturbances. It is essential to promptly treat and prevent recurrent UTIs in children to avoid potential long-term complications such as growth disturbances. Arthritis, recurrent rash, and behavioral disturbances are not typically associated with recurrent UTIs in children.
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During an ophthalmic assessment, which of the ff are the nurses expected to observe carefully? Choose all that apply
- A. Level of central vision
- B. Pupil responses
- C. External eye appearance
- D. Eye movements
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During an ophthalmic assessment, the nurses are expected to observe the following carefully:
What should a male client over age 50 do to help ensure early identification of prostate cancer?
- A. Have a digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test done yearly
- B. Have a transrectal ultrasound every 5 years
- C. Perform monthly testicular self-examinations, especially after age 50
- D. Have a complete blood count (CBC) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For male clients over age 50, early identification of prostate cancer involves a combination of regular digital rectal examination and PSA test. The digital rectal examination allows a healthcare provider to manually assess the size, shape, and consistency of the prostate gland, looking for any abnormalities such as nodules or hard areas that may indicate prostate cancer. The PSA test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood, with elevated levels potentially signaling the presence of prostate cancer. Yearly screening using both these methods increases the chances of early detection and optimal management of prostate cancer in older male clients. Regular monitoring helps in identifying the disease at an earlier, more treatable stage, improving outcomes and prognosis.
In terms of fine motor development, what should the infant of 7 months be able to do?
- A. Transfer objects from one hand to the other and bang cubes on a table.
- B. Use thumb and index finger in crude pincer grasp and release an object at will.
- C. Hold a crayon between the fingers and make a mark on paper.
- D. Release cubes into a cup and build a tower of two blocks.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: At 7 months old, infants are typically able to transfer objects from one hand to the other and bang cubes on a table. This demonstrates the development of their fine motor skills related to coordination, dexterity, and object manipulation. They are refining their hand-eye coordination and grasping abilities at this stage, preparing for more complex fine motor tasks in the future. The ability to purposefully transfer objects between hands and make intentional actions, like banging cubes on a table, shows the progression of their fine motor development at this age.
Blood and fluid loss from frequent diarrhea may cause hypovolemia and you can quickly assess volume depletion in Miss CC by:
- A. Measuring the quantity and specific gravity of her urine output
- B. Taking her blood pressure
- C. Comparing the patient's present weight with her last weight
- D. Administering the oral water test
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Comparing the patient's present weight with her last weight is the best way to quickly assess volume depletion in Miss CC. As she has been experiencing frequent diarrhea leading to blood and fluid loss, changes in weight are a reliable indicator of changes in the body's fluid status. A significant decrease in weight would suggest a loss of fluid and potential hypovolemia due to the diarrhea. This method is simple, immediate, and directly reflects the impact of the fluid loss on the body's volume status. Measuring the quantity and specific gravity of her urine output could provide information on her kidney function but may not be as quick and direct in evaluating volume depletion as comparing her current weight with her last recorded weight. Taking her blood pressure is important in assessing overall cardiovascular status but may not be as immediate in reflecting the impact of fluid loss on volume status. Administering the oral water test is not a standard method for quickly assessing volume depletion in this scenario.
The nurse is using calipers to measure skinfold thickness over the triceps muscle in a school- age child. What is the purpose of doing this?
- A. To measure body fat
- B. To measure muscle mass
- C. To determine arm circumference
- D. To determine accuracy of weight measurement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Skinfold thickness measurements using calipers are commonly used in assessing body composition, specifically to estimate body fat percentage. By measuring skinfold thickness over the triceps muscle in combination with measurements from other sites on the body, healthcare professionals can estimate the amount of subcutaneous fat present. This information is valuable in evaluating an individual's overall body composition and health status. The triceps skinfold measurement is a commonly included site in body fat calculations, especially in school-age children, where it can provide insights into growth and development.