Nokea
Reduce the likelihood of therapeutic failure with tamoxifen treatment
- A. Not provided in document
- B. Not provided in document
- C. Not provided in document
- D. Not provided in document
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This question lacks options, but the answer key (ANS: 2) suggests the second choice. Strategies to reduce therapeutic failure include avoiding CYP2D6 inhibitors to ensure proper metabolism of tamoxifen to its active form.
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A 22-year-old patient calls the clinic and tells the nurse that she has been depressed and is thinking about taking St. John's wort but wants to know if it is safe first. The nurse begins by questioning what other medications the patient takes and would be concerned about a drug-alternative drug interaction if the patient is also taking what type of medication?
- A. Antihistamines
- B. Analgesics
- C. Antibiotics
- D. Oral contraceptives
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: St. John's wort can interact with oral contraceptives that alter drug metabolism, which can decrease the effectiveness of the contraceptive. Analgesics, antibiotics, and antihistamines can be taken in combination with St. John's wort without known adverse effects.
Oral rehydration solution has been employed in following EXCEPT:
- A. Severe vomiting
- B. Burn cases
- C. Heat stroke
- D. Diarrhoea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is used in diarrhea, burns, and heat stroke to replace fluids and electrolytes, but severe vomiting limits its effectiveness due to inability to retain it.
Isosorbide dinitrate is prescribed for a patient with chronic stable angina. This drug is administered twice daily, but the schedule is 7 a.m. and 2 p.m. because:
- A. It is a long-acting drug with potential for toxicity.
- B. Nitrate tolerance can develop.
- C. Orthostatic hypotension is a common adverse effect.
- D. It must be taken with milk or food.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A nitrate-free interval (e.g., after 2 p.m.) prevents tolerance.
The nurse uses what term to describe the drug level required to have a therapeutic effect?
- A. Critical concentration
- B. Dynamic equilibrium
- C. Selective toxicity
- D. Active transport
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A critical concentration of a drug must be present before a reaction occurs within the cells to bring about the desired therapeutic effect. A dynamic equilibrium is obtained from absorption of a drug from the site of drug entry, distribution to the active site, metabolism in the liver, and excretion from the body to have a critical concentration. Selective toxicity is the ability of a drug to attach only to those systems found in foreign cells. Active transport is the process that uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane and is often involved in drug excretion in the kidney.
Which of the following statements about leukotriene pathway inhibitors in
- A. They are more potent anti-inflammatory agents than corticosteroids
- B. Have less side effects than corticosteroids
- C. Are contraindicated in children below 10 years of age
- D. Have no role in aspirin induced asthma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leukotriene inhibitors have fewer side effects than corticosteroids.