Nokea
Reflux of gastric juice due to diminished the lower esophageal sphincter tone with symptoms as heart burn or atypical chest pain.
- A. Chaga's disease
- B. Megacolon
- C. Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- D. Atrophic gastritis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: GERD is caused by a weakened lower esophageal sphincter, allowing gastric juice to reflux, causing heartburn.
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Kupffer's cells are found in ______________.
- A. Liver.
- B. Pancreas.
- C. Small intestine.
- D. Large intestine.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages located in the liver, where they play a role in filtering blood and immune response.
Lipase breaks down molecules of fat into what?
- A. Fatty acids and sugars
- B. Fatty acids and glycerol
- C. Fatty acids and amino acids
- D. Fatty acids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lipase hydrolyzes triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol, which are then absorbed.
Process of absorption of nutrients is carried out by
- A. Passive transport
- B. Facilitated transport
- C. Active transport
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nutrient absorption involves passive, facilitated, and active transport mechanisms.
Based on knowledge of anatomy and physiology, are there any diet considerations that the student should include in the teaching plan?
- A. Low-fat, enzyme-supplemented diet
- B. High-fiber diet only
- C. Low-protein diet
- D. No dietary changes needed
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Post-pancreatectomy, a low-fat diet with enzyme supplements is necessary due to impaired digestion.
Which nerve is primarily responsible for the neural control of the gastric phase, including the stimulation of gastric secretions?
- A. Facial nerve
- B. Vagus nerve
- C. Glossopharyngeal nerve
- D. Spinal accessory nerve
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) is the primary nerve responsible for parasympathetic control of the stomach, stimulating gastric secretions and motility during the gastric phase.