Nokea
Regarding drugs used in the treatment of status epilepsy:
- A. phenytoin is useful in status for its sedating as well as anticonvulsant activity
- B. phenytoin may be diluted in both saline and dextrose
- C. the effect of diazepam is long lasting
- D. respiratory depression is a common complication of phenobarbitone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenytoin controls status epilepticus via anticonvulsant action, not sedation, so that's false. It precipitates in dextrose, only saline-compatible, making that false. Diazepam's effect is short-lived, not long-lasting, so that's incorrect. Phenobarbitone commonly causes respiratory depression, a true statement, due to CNS suppression. Phenytoin's rate is 50 mg/min max. This side effect limits phenobarbitone's use, requiring ventilatory support in status management.
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Which of the following antiparkinsonian drugs may cause vasospasm?
- A. Amantadine
- B. Bromocriptine
- C. Carbidopa
- D. Entacapone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bromocriptine, a dopamine D2 agonist used in Parkinson's, has ergot alkaloid properties, which can cause vasospasm by stimulating vascular smooth muscle receptors, occasionally leading to Raynaud's-like symptoms or digital ischemia. Amantadine, an NMDA antagonist, enhances dopamine release but lacks vasoconstrictive effects. Carbidopa inhibits dopa decarboxylase, aiding levodopa delivery without vascular impact. Entacapone, a COMT inhibitor, extends levodopa's duration but doesn't affect vessels. Ropinirole, a non-ergot agonist, avoids vasospasm. Bromocriptine's ergot-derived vasoconstriction, though rare, distinguishes it among antiparkinsonian drugs, requiring caution in patients with vascular risks.
A client with peptic ulcer disease is prescribed sucralfate. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take sucralfate with meals.
- B. Take sucralfate 1 hr before meals.
- C. Take sucralfate with antacids.
- D. Take sucralfate 2 hours after meals.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A client has a new prescription for alendronate to treat osteoporosis. Which of the following instructions should be included?
- A. Take the medication with food to reduce nausea.
- B. Take the medication first thing in the morning on an empty stomach.
- C. Take the medication with a full glass of milk.
- D. Take the medication with meals.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
What is a severe adverse effect of iron supplementation?
- A. Seizures
- B. Dry mouth
- C. Edema
- D. Serotonin syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A severe adverse effect of iron supplementation is seizures. Iron toxicity can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, lethargy, and in severe cases, seizures. It is important for individuals taking iron supplements to follow recommended dosages to prevent adverse effects.
What is one of the therapeutic uses of Valproate?
- A. Suppression of seizure activity
- B. Replacement of hypothyroidism to restore normal hormone balance
- C. Maintenance of blood glucose
- D. Lowering of blood pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Valproate, also known as Valproic acid, is commonly used in medicine for the suppression of seizure activity. It is an anticonvulsant medication that helps manage and prevent seizures in various conditions such as epilepsy. While it is not used for replacing hypothyroidism, maintaining blood glucose levels, or lowering blood pressure, its primary therapeutic use is in managing seizures.