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Regarding intussusception in childhood:
- A. Incidence is most common in children over 3 years of age
- B. Barium enema is the investigation of choice
- C. Patient commonly presents with constant abdominal pain
- D. It is associated with Henoch-Schoenlein purpura
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Intussusception is associated with Henoch-Schoenlein purpura, a condition that can cause inflammation and bleeding in the small blood vessels.
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The nurse determines that a client who arrives in the preoperative holding area before surgery is allergic to bananas. Which action should the nurse implement prior to taking the client into the operative area?
- A. Replace latex-containing devices in the OR with alternate synthetic materials
- B. Administer an antihistamine before surgery.
- C. Notify the surgeon about the client's allergy to bananas.
- D. Prepare to administer an epinephrine injection during surgery
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Banana allergy is associated with latex allergy. Replacing latex-containing devices prevents potential allergic reactions during surgery.
Regarding mitral valve prolapse, all the following are true EXCEPT
- A. it is predominantly in girls
- B. it is usually sporadic
- C. the dominant abnormal signs are auscultatory
- D. antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended during surgery and dental procedures
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antibiotic prophylaxis is no longer universally recommended for mitral valve prolapse.
A client with acute renal injury (AKI) who weighs 50 kg and has a potassium level of 6.7 mEq/L (6.7 mmol/l) is admitted to the hospital. Which prescribed medication should the nurse administer first?
- A. Sevelamer (RenaGel) one tablet PO.
- B. Epoetin alfa, recombinant (Epogen) 2,500 units SUBQ
- C. Sodium polystyrene (Kayexalate) 15 grams PO
- D. Calcium acetate (Phos-Lo) one tablet PO
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sodium polystyrene (Kayexalate) helps remove excess potassium, which is the priority concern in AKI with elevated potassium.
A fair-skinned female client who is an avid runner is diagnosed with malignant melanoma, located on the lateral surface of the lower leg. After wide margin resection, the nurse provides discharge teaching. It is most important for the nurse to emphasize the need to observe for changes in which characteristic?
- A. Elasticity of the skin
- B. Appearance of any moles
- C. Muscle aches and pains
- D. Pigmentation of the skin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Monitoring for changes in moles is critical for early detection of new or recurrent melanoma, which is essential for timely intervention.
An infant is hospitalized for treatment of nonorganic failure to thrive. Which nursing action is most appropriate for this infant?
- A. Encouraging the infant to hold a bottle
- B. Keeping the infant on bed rest to conserve energy
- C. Rotating caregivers to provide more stimulation
- D. Maintaining a consistent, structured environment
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A consistent, structured environment helps build trust and security, which is essential for an infant with nonorganic failure to thrive.