Nokea
Regarding puberty:
- A. The beginning of puberty is closely related to bony changes rather than to age
- B. The first sign of puberty in a boy is the development of axillary hair
- C. Constitutional precocious puberty is commoner in girls than boys
- D. Delayed puberty is defined as lack of pubertal changes in a boy after 14 years of age
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Constitutional precocious puberty is more common in girls than boys, often due to earlier activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
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Complications of an infant of a diabetic mother include:
- A. Hypoglycaemia
- B. Hypocalcaemia
- C. Hyperinsulinaemia
- D. Jaundice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infants of diabetic mothers are at risk of hypoglycemia due to maternal hyperglycemia leading to fetal hyperinsulinemia, which persists after birth.
All of the following are true regarding transient neonatal pustular melanosis, except
- A. Increased melanization of epidermal cells is characteristic
- B. Active phase shows intracorneal or subcorneal pustules filled with eosinophils
- C. Pustular phase rarely lasts more than 2-3 days
- D. Lesions of pustular melanosis do not contain bacteria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The active phase of transient neonatal pustular melanosis shows pustules filled with neutrophils, not eosinophils.
Ejection systolic murmur in outflow in a neonate is least likely to be due to
- A. Subaortic membrane
- B. Unicuspid aortic valve
- C. Bicuspid aortic valve
- D. Pulmonary stenosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Subaortic membrane is least likely to cause an ejection systolic murmur in a neonate.
A nurse obtains the health history of a client who is newly admitted to the medical unit. Which statement by the client should alert the nurse to the presence of edema?
- A. I wake up to go to the bathroom at night.
- B. My shoes fit tighter by the end of the day.
- C. I seem to be feeling more anxious lately.
- D. I drink at least eight glasses of water a day.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tight-fitting shoes by the end of the day suggest fluid retention (edema), a common sign of cardiovascular or renal issues.
A 4-month-old with meningococcal meningitis has just been admitted to the pediatric unit. Which nursing intervention has the highest priority?
- A. Instituting droplet precautions
- B. Administering acetaminophen (Tylenol)
- C. Obtaining history information from the parents
- D. Orienting the parents to the pediatric unit
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Droplet precautions are essential to prevent the spread of meningococcal meningitis to others.