Nokea
Reinforcer function as a reward
- A. Primary
- B. Secondary
- C. Both
- D. None of these
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Primary (innate) and secondary (learned) reinforcers reward behavior.
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A patient asks, 'What is the main purpose of these medications I take for my HIV?' Which response should the nurse make?
- A. They encapsulate the virus-infected cells.'
- B. They mark the virus for natural killer cells to destroy.'
- C. They attract macrophages to the cells making the virus.'
- D. They inhibit enzymes to interfere with viral production.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because antiretroviral medications used for HIV treatment work by inhibiting enzymes essential for viral replication, thus interfering with viral production. This prevents the virus from multiplying and spreading in the body. Option A is incorrect as medications do not encapsulate virus-infected cells. Option B is incorrect as the medications do not mark the virus for natural killer cells. Option C is incorrect as medications do not attract macrophages to the cells.
The theorist who believes in social constructivism is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. Lev Vygotsky
- D. Erik Erikson
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lev Vygotsky's social constructivism emphasizes learning through social interaction.
What type of antidepressant medication is not frequently used due to its lethality in overdose?
- A. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
- B. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- C. GI upset
- D. Divalproex (Depakote)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). TCAs are not frequently used due to their high lethality in overdose. They have a narrow therapeutic index, leading to severe toxicity even at slightly higher doses. In overdose, TCAs can cause life-threatening cardiovascular and central nervous system effects. SSRIs (B) are safer in overdose compared to TCAs. GI upset (C) is a common side effect of many medications, not specifically antidepressants. Divalproex (D) is not an antidepressant medication, but rather a mood stabilizer primarily used in bipolar disorder.
The psychological test measure emotional health is
- A. Rorschach
- B. MMPI
- C. WAIS
- D. TAT
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The MMPI evaluates emotional health and psychological well-being.
Which therapy reduces self-defeating in clients:
- A. Existential therapy
- B. Irrational emotive therapy
- C. Rational emotive therapy
- D. Cognitive therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT, Ellis) targets self-defeating beliefs to reduce negative outcomes.