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Research has corroborated an experienced nurses observation that the incidence and prevalence of chronic conditions is increasing in the United States. What health promotion initiative most directly addresses the factor that has been shown to contribute to this increase?
- A. A program to link residents with primary care providers
- B. A community-based weight-loss program
- C. A stress management workshop
- D. A cancer screening campaign
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lifestyle factors, such as smoking, chronic stress, and sedentary lifestyle, that increase the risk of chronic health problems such rhincrease in the incidence of chronic conditions. Obesity is paramount among these, exceeding the significance of lack of access to primary care, inadequate cancer screening, and inadequate personally significant than lack of access to primary care, inadequate cancer screening, and inadequate stress management.
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You are presenting patient teaching to a 48-year-old man who was just diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The patient has a BMI of 35 and leads a sedentary lifestyle. You give the patient information on the risk factors for his diagnosis and begin talking with him about changing behaviors around diet and exercise. You know that further patient teaching is necessary when your patient tells you what?
- A. I need to start slow on an exercise program approved by my doctor.
- B. I know theres a chance I could have avoided this if Id always eaten better and exercised more.
- C. There is nothing that can be done anyway, because chronic diseases like diabetes cannot be prevented.
- D. I want to have a plan in place before I start making a lot of changes to my lifestyle.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The major causes of chronic diseases are known, and if these risk factors were eliminated, at least over 80% of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes would be prevented. In addition, over 40% of cancers would be prevented. The other listed options are accurate statements.
The nurse is reviewing the importance of preventative health care with a patient who has a disability. The patient states that she will not have the money to pay for her annual gynecologic exams or mammograms due to the cost of this hospitalization. What information would be appropriate for the nurse to share with the patient?
- A. Limited finances are a common problem for patients with a disability. Since you were hospitalized this year, you can likely forego the gynecologic exam and mammogram.
- B. These are very important health preventative measures, so you will need to borrow the money to pay for the exam and mammogram.
- C. Ill look into federal assistance programs that provide financial assistance for health-related expenses for people with disabling conditions.
- D. These preventative measures should likely be tax deductible, so you should consult with your accountant and then make your appointments.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Several federal assistance programs provide financial assistance for health-related expenses for people with some chronic illnesses, acquired disabling acute and chronic diseases, and diseases from childhood. Lack of financial resources, including health insurance, is an important barrier to health care for people with disabilities. Each of the other responses is inappropriate and inaccurate.
A medical-surgical nurse is teaching a patient about the health implications of her recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The nurse should teach the patient to be proactive with her glycemic control in order to reduce her risk of what health problem?
- A. Arthritis
- B. Renal failure
- C. Pancreatic cancer
- D. Asthma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: One chronic disease can lead to the development of other chronic conditions. Diabetes, for example, can eventually lead to neurologic and vascular changes that may result in visual, cardiac, and kidney disease and erectile dysfunction. Diabetes is not often linked to cancer, arthritis, or asthma.
A home care nurse is making an initial visit to a 68-year-old man. The nurse finds the man tearful and emotionally withdrawn. Even though the man lives alone and has no family, he has been managing well at home until now. What would be the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?
- A. Reassess the patients psychosocial status and make the necessary referrals
- B. Have the patient volunteer in the community for social contact
- C. Arrange for the patient to be reassessed by his social worker
- D. Encourage the patient to focus on the positive aspects of his life
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient is exhibiting signs of depression and should be reassessed and a referral made as necessary. Patients with chronic illness are at an increased risk of depression. It would be simplistic to arrange for him to volunteer or focus on the positive. Social work may or may not be needed; assessment should precede such a referral.
A community health nurse has drafted a program that will address the health promotion needs of members of the community who live with one or more disabilities. Which of the following areas of health promotion education is known to be neglected among adults with disabilities?
- A. Blood pressure screening
- B. Diabetes testing
- C. Nutrition
- D. Sexual health
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Health promotion interventions addressing sexual health in disabled individuals are necessary but rare. Blood pressure testing, diabetes testing, and nutrition are not known to constitute such a gap in health promotion teaching.