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A patient who undergoes hemodialysis three times weekly is on a fluid restriction of 1000 mL/day. The nurse sees the patient drinking a 355-mL (12 ounce) soft drink after the patient has already reached the maximum intake of fluid for the day. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Take the soft drink away from the patient and inform the dialysis nurse to remove extra fluid from the patient during the next dialysis treatment
- B. Document the patients behavior as noncompliant and notify the physician
- C. Further restrict the patients fluid for the following day and communicate this information to the charge nurse
- D. Reinforce the importance of the fluid restriction and document the teaching and the intake of extra fluid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Management of chronic conditions includes learning to live with symptoms or disabilities and coming to terms with identity changes resulting from having a chronic condition. It also consists of carrying out the lifestyle changes and regimens designed to control symptoms and to prevent complications. Although it may be difficult for nurses and other health care providers to stand by while patients make unwise decisions about their health, they must accept the fact that the patient has the right to make his or her own choices and decisions about lifestyle and health care.
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Research has corroborated an experienced nurses observation that the incidence and prevalence of chronic conditions is increasing in the United States. What health promotion initiative most directly addresses the factor that has been shown to contribute to this increase?
- A. A program to link residents with primary care providers
- B. A community-based weight-loss program
- C. A stress management workshop
- D. A cancer screening campaign
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lifestyle factors, such as smoking, chronic stress, and sedentary lifestyle, that increase the risk of chronic health problems such rhincrease in the incidence of chronic conditions. Obesity is paramount among these, exceeding the significance of lack of access to primary care, inadequate cancer screening, and inadequate personally significant than lack of access to primary care, inadequate cancer screening, and inadequate stress management.
The staff development nurse is presenting a class on the importance of incorporating people-first language into daily practice as well as documentation. What is an example of the use of people-first language when giving a verbal report?
- A. The schizophrenic
- B. The patient with schizophrenia
- C. The schizophrenic patient
- D. The schizophrenic client
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Using people-first language means referring to the person first: the patient with diabetes rather than the diabetic, the diabetic patient, or the diabetic client.
A patient who is legally blind is being admitted to the hospital. The patient informs the nurse that she needs to have her guide dog present during her hospitalization. What is the nurses best response to the patient?
- A. Arrangements can be made for your guide dog to be at the hospital with you during your stay.
- B. I will need to check with the care team before that decision can be made.
- C. Because of infection control, your guide dog will likely not be allowed to stay in your room during your hospitalization.
- D. Your guide dog can stay with you during your hospitalization, but he will need to stay in a cage or crate that you will need to provide.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: If patients usually use service animals to assist them with ADLs, it is necessary to make arrangements for the accommodation of these animals. The patient should be moved to a private room, and a cage would prevent the service dog from freely assisting the patient, so it is not necessary.
You are the nurse caring for a young mother who has a longstanding diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). She was admitted to your unit with a postpartum infection 3 days ago. You are planning to discharge her home when she has finished 5 days of IV antibiotic therapy. With what information would it be most important for you to provide this patient?
- A. A succinct overview of postpartum infections
- B. How the response to infection differs in patients with multiple sclerosis
- C. The same information you would provide to a patient without a chronic condition
- D. Information on effective management of multiple sclerosis in the home setting
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In general, patients with disabilities are in need of the same information as other patients. Information on home management of MS has likely been already provided to the patient. The immune response does not greatly differ in this patient.
A patient who is recovering from a stroke expresses frustration about his care to the nurse, stating, It seems like everyone sees me as just a problem that needs fixing. This patients statement is suggestive of what model of disability?
- A. Biopsychosocial model
- B. Social model
- C. Rehabilitation model
- D. Interface model
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The rehabilitation model regards disability as a deficiency that requires a rehabilitation specialist or other helping professional to fix the problem. This is not characteristic of the biopsychosocial, social, or interface models.