Nokea
A patient tells the nurse that her doctor just told her that her new diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is considered to be a chronic condition. She asks the nurse what chronic condition means. What would be the nurses best response?
- A. Chronic conditions are defined as health problems that require management of several months or longer.
- B. Chronic conditions are diseases that come and go in a relatively predictable cycle.
- C. Chronic conditions are medical conditions that culminate in disabilities that require hospitalization.
- D. Chronic conditions are those that require short-term management in extended-care facilities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic conditions are often defined as medical conditions or health problems with associated symptoms or disabilities that require long-term management (3 months or longer). Chronic diseases are usually managed in the home environment. They are not always cyclical or predictable.
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In your role as a school nurse, you are presenting at a high school health fair and are promoting the benefits of maintaining a healthy body weight. You should refer to reductions in the risks of what diseases? Select all that apply.
- A. Heart disease
- B. Stroke
- C. Cancer
- D. Diabetes
- E. Hypertension
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: The increasing prevalence of obesity has increased the incidence of heart disease, strokes, diabetes, and hypertension. Obesity is not usually cited as a major risk factor for most types of cancer.
An international nurse has noted that a trend in developing countries is a decrease in mortality from some acute conditions. This has corresponded with an increase in the incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases. What has contributed to this decrease in mortality from some acute conditions?
- A. Improved nutrition
- B. Integration of alternative health practices
- C. Stronger international security measures
- D. Decrease in obesity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In developing countries, chronic conditions have become the major cause of health-related problems due to improved nutrition, immunizations, and prompt and aggressive management of acute conditions. The integration of alternative health practices has not contributed to a decrease in mortality. Stronger international security measures have not contributed to a decrease in mortality. Obesity has not decreased, even in developing countries.
A patient who is recovering from a stroke expresses frustration about his care to the nurse, stating, It seems like everyone sees me as just a problem that needs fixing. This patients statement is suggestive of what model of disability?
- A. Biopsychosocial model
- B. Social model
- C. Rehabilitation model
- D. Interface model
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The rehabilitation model regards disability as a deficiency that requires a rehabilitation specialist or other helping professional to fix the problem. This is not characteristic of the biopsychosocial, social, or interface models.
A nurse knows that patients with invisible disabilities like chronic pain often feel that their chronic conditions are more challenging to deal with than more visible disabilities. Why would they feel this way?
- A. Invisible disabilities create negative attitudes in the health care community.
- B. Despite appearances, invisible disabilities can be as disabling as visible disabilities.
- C. Disabilities, such as chronic pain, are apparent to the general population.
- D. Disabilities. Such as chronic pain, may not be curable, unlike visible disabilities.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Many disabilities are visible, but invisible disabilities are often as disabling as those that can be seen. Invisible disabilities are not noted to create negative attitudes among health care workers, though this is a possibility. Disabilities, such as chronic pain, are considered invisible and are not apparent to the general population.
A patient with end-stage lung cancer has been admitted to hospice care. The hospice team is meeting with the patient and her family to establish goals for care. What is likely to be a first priority in goal setting for the patient?
- A. Maintenance of activities of daily living
- B. Pain control
- C. Social interaction
- D. Promotion of spirituality
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Once the phase of illness has been identified for a specific patient, along with the specific medical problems and related social and psychological problems, the nurse helps prioritize problems and establish the goals of care. Identification of goals must be a collaborative effort, with the patient, family, and nurse working together, and the goals must be consistent with the abilities, desires, motivations, and resources of those involved. Pain control is essential for patients who have a terminal illness. If pain control is not achieved, all activities of daily living are unattainable. This is thus a priority in planning care over the other listed goals.