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Research into people's eating behaviour has produced several findings. Question: Which finding is NOT correct?
- A. When eating in a group, you eat more than when eating alone
- B. Portion size does not influence how much a person eats
- C. Low prices of high-calorie food contribute to overeating
- D. If you eat with people who eat a lot, you will eat more yourself as well
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eating truths groups, big portions, cheap junk, piggybacking all pile on, but portion size sways intake, not static. Nurses debunk this, a chronic portion myth.
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While a patient is receiving IV doxorubicin hydrochloride for the treatment of cancer, the nurse observes swelling and pain at the IV site. The nurse should prioritize what action?
- A. Stopping the administration of the drug immediately
- B. Notifying the patient's physician
- C. Continuing the infusion but decreasing the rate
- D. Applying a warm compress to the infusion site
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Doxorubicin's a vesicant swelling and pain scream extravasation, where it leaks into tissue, risking severe necrosis. Stopping the IV stat is priority to limit damage; delaying could worsen injury. Notifying the physician follows, but action comes first. Slowing the infusion keeps pumping toxin into the site disastrous. Warm compresses might spread the drug, unlike ice, which can help post-stoppage per protocol. Nurses must act fast, knowing vesicants like doxorubicin (an anthracycline) demand immediate cessation and often antidotes (e.g., dexrazoxane), critical in oncology to prevent permanent harm from chemo mishaps.
Which of the following statements is incorrect in describing the ADEC categorisation of drugs for Pregnancy?
- A. They are based on animal reproductive toxicology
- B. They are based on evidence available at the time of introduction of the drug
- C. The categorisations are revised as new evidence become available
- D. They are based on prospective studies
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ADEC's pregnancy drug tags lean on animal data, initial evidence, and updates not prospective human studies, a gap. Animal tox sets baselines, launch data locks in, new proof shifts prospective's too slow. Pharmacists read this, a chronic caution grid.
Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) are performed in an overweight person , in whom the disturbed glucose tolerance is now diagnosed for the first time, and in a person with normal body weight who shows normal glucose values after oral glucose intake. Question: Which of the following glucose and insulin values, measured one hour after oral glucose intake, are most consistent with these two people?
- A. Glucose 12 mmol/L, Insulin 60 mU/L ; Glucose 8 mmol/L, Insulin 40 mU/L
- B. Glucose 12 mmol/L, Insulin 10 mU/L ; Glucose 8 mmol/L, Insulin 60 mU/L
- C. Glucose 8 mmol/L, Insulin 60 mU/L ; Glucose 4 mmol/L, Insulin 40 mU/L
- D. Glucose 8 mmol/L, Insulin 10 mU/L ; Glucose 4 mmol/L, Insulin 60 mU/L
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Overweight with new impaired tolerance high glucose, high insulin as fat resists; normal weight, normal test moderate glucose, steady insulin. Twelve and 60 fit the struggler; 8 and 40 the healthy nurses read this, a chronic resistance tale in numbers.
The best way to prevent chronic complications of diabetes is to:
- A. Take medications as prescribed and remove sugar from the diet completely.
- B. Check feet daily for cuts, long toe nails and infections between the toes.
- C. Maintain a BGL that is as close to normal as possible.
- D. Undertake daily exercise to burn up the excess glucose in the system.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Preventing diabetes complications (e.g., neuropathy, retinopathy) hinges on glycemic control. Medications and sugar elimination help, but total sugar removal is impractical carbohydrates are broader, and control, not absence, matters. Daily foot checks prevent ulcers but address consequences, not root causes. Maintaining blood glucose levels (BGL) near normal (e.g., HbA1c <7%) via diet, exercise, and drugs prevents microvascular (kidney, eye) and macrovascular (heart) damage, per ADA guidelines. Exercise burns glucose, aiding control, but isn't singularly best' it's part of a triad. Tight BGL management reduces oxidative stress, glycation, and vascular injury, evidenced by trials (e.g., DCCT), making it the cornerstone strategy over isolated tactics, ensuring long-term organ protection.
Which of the following statements regarding factors leading to obesity is FALSE?
- A. The factors known to cause obesity are complex and multiple
- B. Twin, family and adoption studies show that the rate of heritability of BMI is high, ranging from 40% to 70% demonstrating a major genetic component
- C. More recent studies have identified a potential role for the microbial content of the skin
- D. Emotional factors are well-known to be potent modulators of appetite
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Obesity's mess genes, emotions, drugs stack up; gut microbes, not skin, tip scales. Nurses sift this chronic cause pile, nixing dermal fluff.