Right to left shunts include:
- A. Fallot's tetralogy
- B. Tricuspid atresia
- C. Eisenmenger complex
- D. Ductus arteriosus in the fetus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fallot's tetralogy is a congenital heart defect that includes a right-to-left shunt, allowing deoxygenated blood to bypass the lungs.
You may also like to solve these questions
All the following are causes of chronic pulmonary venous hypertension EXCEPT
- A. congenital mitral stenosis
- B. total anomalous pulmonary venous return with obstruction
- C. peripheral pulmonary stenosis
- D. cor triatriatum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Peripheral pulmonary stenosis does not directly cause chronic pulmonary venous hypertension.
A nurse cares for a client who is prescribed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart. The client’s health history includes a previous myocardial infarction and pacemaker implantation. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Schedule an electrocardiogram just before the MRI.
- B. Notify the healthcare provider before scheduling the MRI.
- C. Call the physician and request a laboratory draw for cardiac enzymes.
- D. Instruct the client to increase fluid intake the day before the MRI.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clients with pacemakers are generally not candidates for MRI due to the risk of device malfunction or tissue damage. The healthcare provider must be notified to determine the best course of action.
Drug of choice for infective endocarditis due to HACEK organisms is
- A. Vancomycin
- B. Gentamicin
- C. Ampicillin
- D. Ceftriaxone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ceftriaxone is the drug of choice for infective endocarditis due to HACEK organisms.
An 8-year-old female presents with chest pain of 1 day's duration. Five days prior to the pain, she had fever, chills, and myalgias. Physical examination reveals an uncomfortable, anxious, afebrile patient with tachycardia, no murmur, and distant heart sounds. The chest x-ray is shown in Figure 19-2. There is a paradoxical pulse of 22 mm Hg. The most likely diagnosis is
- A. myocarditis
- B. cardiomyopathy
- C. Kawasaki disease
- D. pericarditis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pericarditis causes distant heart sounds, paradoxical pulse, and can follow viral illnesses.
In infantile eczema:
- A. The rash is characteristically present at birth
- B. The papules are itchy
- C. Cold weather relieves the symptoms
- D. A family history of related disorders is elicited in 70% of cases
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Infantile eczema is itchy and often associated with a family history of atopy. The rash is not present at birth, and cold weather can exacerbate symptoms.