Nokea
Risk of endometrial hyperplasia is greatest in individuals who do not menstruate for at least _____ months and require immediate referral:
- A. 2 months
- B. 3 months
- C. 4 months
- D. 5 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: '4 months.' The risk of endometrial hyperplasia is highest in individuals who do not menstruate for at least 4 months. This prolonged exposure to unopposed estrogen can lead to endometrial hyperplasia. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the risk is greatest after at least 4 months of not menstruating, not 2, 3, or 5 months.
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Laparoscopy uses a small instrument known as a laparoscope to:
- A. Take very detailed photographs
- B. Insert a hysteroscope for D&C
- C. Perform an abortion procedure
- D. Perform a hysterectomy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Laparoscopy uses a small instrument known as a laparoscope to take very detailed photographs of the pelvic organs. This procedure is commonly used for diagnostic purposes, to visualize internal organs, and to perform minimally invasive surgeries. Choice B, inserting a hysteroscope for D&C, is incorrect as hysteroscopy is a different procedure used to examine the inside of the uterus, not the pelvic organs. Choice C, performing an abortion procedure, is incorrect as laparoscopy is not used for abortion. Choice D, performing a hysterectomy, is incorrect as although laparoscopy can be used in some cases for hysterectomy, its primary purpose is not for this procedure.
What is the role of relaxin hormone?
- A. Relaxation of the symphysis pubis.
- B. Stimulation of milk production.
- C. Stimulating the development of the nipple and duct system in the breast.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Relaxation of the symphysis pubis. Relaxin hormone is responsible for loosening the ligaments in the pelvic area, particularly the symphysis pubis, to prepare for childbirth. Choice B, stimulation of milk production, is incorrect as this is primarily regulated by prolactin. Choice C, stimulating the development of the nipple and duct system in the breast, is incorrect as this is mainly influenced by estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy. Therefore, the correct role of relaxin hormone is the relaxation of the symphysis pubis.
Inevitable abortion is characterized by:
- A. Heavy bleeding.
- B. Open os.
- C. Severe cramping.
- D. Light bleeding.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inevitable abortion is characterized by an open os. This condition is associated with heavy bleeding. While severe cramping can be present in inevitable abortion, the key characteristic is the open os, making choice B the correct answer. Choices A and D are incorrect because they do not specifically describe the defining feature of inevitable abortion, which is the open os.
Which of the following data should not be included in the identification data of gynecological history?
- A. Parity
- B. Lost normal menstrual period
- C. EDD (Expected date of delivery)
- D. Last delivery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: EDD (Expected date of delivery). In a gynecological history, EDD is not typically included as it pertains more to obstetric history. Parity, lost normal menstrual period, and last delivery are important components of gynecological history. Parity refers to the number of times a woman has given birth to a fetus past 20 weeks' gestation. Lost normal menstrual period can provide insight into potential gynecological issues, while last delivery details the most recent childbirth experience. Therefore, EDD is the outlier in this context.
At what point is a fetus considered viable?
- A. 26 weeks
- B. 28 weeks
- C. 37 weeks
- D. 12 weeks
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A fetus is considered viable after 37 weeks of gestation. At this stage, the fetus has a higher chance of surviving outside the womb with medical support. Choice A (26 weeks), Choice B (28 weeks), and Choice D (12 weeks) are incorrect because a fetus is not typically considered viable at those earlier gestational ages.