Nokea
Risk of Osteoporosis
- A. 65-year-old Asian woman who smokes one pack of cigarettes per week
- B. 80-year-old White man who has three glasses of wine per day
- C. 74-year-old White woman on daily oral prednisone for emphysema
- D. 68-year-old Black man who has a sedentary lifestyle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Long-term prednisone use significantly increases osteoporosis risk, particularly in older women.
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The nurse is examining the ability of a phenylketonuria (PKU) screening test to distinguish correctly between newborns who have and who do not have the disease. Which of the following measures of accuracy of the instrument is being evaluated?
- A. Sensitivity
- B. Specificity
- C. Validity
- D. Efficacy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Validity refers to a test’s ability to correctly distinguish between diseased and nondiseased individuals.
A young couple is deciding if they should get married and start a family. Which of Erikson’s life stages are they experiencing?
- A. Identity vs. role confusion
- B. Intimacy vs. isolation
- C. Generativity vs. stagnation
- D. Ego integrity vs. despair
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This couple is in the early adulthood stage, where they experience intimacy vs. isolation, focusing on building relationships and forming families.
A health care professional is searching for a funding source to develop a colorectal cancer screening program for ethnic and racial minorities in the community. Which of the following federal agencies would most likely be able to assist with this initiative?
- A. The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
- B. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- C. The Office of Minority Health
- D. The National Institutes of Health
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Office of Minority Health focuses on improving the health of racial and ethnic minority populations and would be the primary source for such initiatives.
A nurse uses ethical reasoning to solve an ethical dilemma. Why would the nurse use this process?
- A. Assists in predicting all of the possible consequences of future actions
- B. Facilitates gathering of the most important information to solve the problem
- C. Considers the importance of caring when solving the problem
- D. Highlights salient aspects of future actions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ethical reasoning helps gather important information and uncover key issues to address moral concerns in health care.
Cognition in older adults: What is true?
- A. "Mild dementia is normal with aging."
- B. "All forms of dementia have the same symptoms."
- C. "Assessment for dementia should be part of routine exams."
- D. "Elders scoring below 27 on the MMSE are unlikely to have cognitive problems."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Regular cognitive assessments help detect changes in function; dementia is not normal with aging.