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Rob has a history of using ecstasy. He is exhibiting symptoms of hypotension, nausea, diarrhea, personality change, diminished level of consciousness, and decreased deep tendon reflexes. Laboratory results confirm the physician’s suspicion of hyponatremia. Treatment would include:
- A. Water restriction.
- B. 0.33% sodium chloride intravenously.
- C. Use of salt substitute.
- D. Calcium carbonate orally.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Water restriction (A). Hyponatremia is often caused by excess water retention relative to sodium levels. Restricting water intake helps restore the balance of sodium and water in the body.
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What would be the best response by the nurse to a quiet and uncommunicative client?
- A. Think over the following questions.
- B. Discuss them with your instructor or peers.
- C. Acknowledge their feelings and encourage expression.
- D. Offer silence and wait patiently.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Silence can provide the client with space to open up when they feel ready, fostering trust and rapport.
What is the primary symptom of hordeolum?
- A. Redness and swelling
- B. Itching
- C. Blurred vision
- D. Dry eyes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hordeolum, or stye, presents with localized redness and swelling of the eyelid.
Joan is diagnosed with a ruptured aneurysm. She wonders why this was not picked up in her annual physical. You respond by saying
- A. The physician must have misread the x-ray.
- B. The aneurysm must have developed since the physical.
- C. Aneurysms are often asymptomatic.
- D. Do not be too concerned because this happens all the time.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aneurysms can develop silently without noticeable symptoms.
What are the six competencies from Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) that are expected of new nursing graduates?
- A. Patient-centered care
- B. Teamwork and collaboration
- C. Evidence-based practice
- D. Quality improvement
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: QSEN competencies include patient-centered care, teamwork and collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics.
Patients with a paralytic ileus typically have
- A. Intravenous fluid replacement and a nasogastric tube connected to suction.
- B. Surgical correction of the problem.
- C. Endoscopic injection of botulinum toxin or esophageal dilation.
- D. Endoscopy to allow biopsy followed with broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Paralytic ileus requires decompression of the gastrointestinal tract.